Management of Patients with impaired respiratory function | GI disorders | Metabolic and Endocrinal Disorders | Mock Test | Staff Nurse | Guides Academy

Management of patients with impaired respiratory function, GI disorders, metabolic and endocrinal disorders, renal and urinary disorders, neurological disorders and connective tissue and collagen disorders

Time: 15:00

A nurse is teaching a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) the pursed-lip breathing technique. What is the primary physiological goal of this intervention?

[a] To increase the respiratory rate and clear secretions.

[b] To strengthen the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

[c] To prolong exhalation and prevent small airway collapse.

[d] To increase the intake of oxygen during inspiration.

A patient is admitted with acute pancreatitis. Which intervention is the highest priority in the initial management to reduce pancreatic stimulation?

[a] Administering a proton pump inhibitor.

[b] Keeping the patient NPO (nil per os).

[c] Encouraging a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.

[d] Inserting a nasogastric tube for enteral feeding.

A patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus presents with a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL and is conscious and able to swallow. What is the most appropriate immediate nursing action?

[a] Administer 1 mg of glucagon intramuscularly.

[b] Start an intravenous infusion of 5% dextrose.

[c] Give 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate, such as fruit juice.

[d] Provide a snack of crackers and cheese.

A nurse is caring for a patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Which dietary instruction is most important to provide?

[a] Increase intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas and oranges.

[b] Follow a high-protein diet to prevent muscle wasting.

[c] Increase fluid intake to at least 3 liters per day.

[d] Restrict dietary intake of sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.

What is the priority nursing action for a patient during the active phase of a tonic-clonic seizure?

[a] Insert a padded tongue blade into the patient's mouth.

[b] Restrain the patient's limbs to prevent injury.

[c] Protect the patient from injury and ensure a patent airway.

[d] Administer an oral anti-epileptic medication immediately.

A patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis reports severe morning stiffness that lasts for over an hour. Which nursing advice is most appropriate?

[a] Take a warm shower or bath upon waking up.

[b] Keep the joints immobilized until the stiffness subsides.

[c] Apply cold packs to the affected joints for 20 minutes.

[d] Perform aggressive range-of-motion exercises immediately.

A nurse is assessing a patient with a chest tube for a pneumothorax. Continuous, vigorous bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates what?

[a] The lung has fully re-expanded.

[b] The chest tube is functioning normally.

[c] The chest tube is obstructed.

[d] There is an air leak in the system or from the patient.

A patient with liver cirrhosis develops ascites and pedal edema. The nurse understands that the primary cause of this fluid accumulation is:

[a] Increased protein intake and high serum albumin.

[b] Decreased production of clotting factors.

[c] Portal hypertension and low serum albumin levels.

[d] Inability of the liver to metabolize aldosterone.

A patient who underwent a thyroidectomy is complaining of tingling in their fingers and around their mouth. The nurse should assess for which other sign, indicating a potential complication?

[a] A positive Kernig's sign.

[b] The presence of a barrel chest.

[c] A positive Chvostek's sign.

[d] A decreased level of consciousness.

A patient is being treated for a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which statement by the patient indicates that the nurse's teaching has been effective?

[a] "I should drink less fluid so I don't have to urinate as often."

[b] "I can stop taking my antibiotics as soon as my symptoms disappear."

[c] "I will wipe from front to back after using the toilet."

[d] "I will try to take a bubble bath every day to stay clean."

A nurse is positioning a patient with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which position is most therapeutic?

[a] Supine with the bed flat.

[b] Trendelenburg position.

[c] Head of the bed elevated 30 degrees with the head in a neutral, midline position.

[d] Side-lying with the knees flexed to the chest.

A key patient education point for an individual diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) to prevent exacerbations is to:

[a] Follow a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.

[b] Avoid direct sun exposure and use high-SPF sunscreen.

[c] Discontinue all medications once symptoms resolve.

[d] Engage in high-impact aerobic exercise daily.

A nurse is assessing a client during an acute asthma attack. Which finding is the most concerning and requires immediate intervention?

[a] Loud, audible wheezing.

[b] A respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min.

[c] Use of accessory muscles.

[d] Diminished or absent breath sounds.

A patient with peptic ulcer disease suddenly complains of severe, sharp abdominal pain and has a rigid, board-like abdomen. The nurse should suspect which complication?

[a] Hemorrhage.

[b] Perforation.

[c] Gastric outlet obstruction.

[d] Intractability.

Which finding is a classic sign of Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency)?

[a] Moon face and buffalo hump.

[b] Hypertension and hyperglycemia.

[c] Purple striae on the abdomen.

[d] Hyperpigmentation of the skin and hypotension.

A nurse is caring for a patient with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the left arm for hemodialysis. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

[a] Taking the blood pressure on the left arm.

[b] Using the left arm for venipuncture.

[c] Palpating for a thrill and auscultating for a bruit over the fistula.

[d] Applying a restrictive dressing over the fistula site.

A patient has been admitted with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. What is the priority nursing action?

[a] Provide a quiet, low-stimulus environment.

[b] Administer pain medication as ordered.

[c] Initiate droplet precautions.

[d] Encourage oral fluid intake.

A nurse is providing dietary counseling for a patient with gout. Which food group should the patient be advised to limit?

[a] Green leafy vegetables.

[b] Dairy products like milk and yogurt.

[c] Purine-rich foods like organ meats and sardines.

[d] Complex carbohydrates like whole grains.

To promote airway clearance in a patient with pneumonia, which nursing intervention is most effective?

[a] Administering antitussives to suppress the cough reflex.

[b] Encouraging frequent position changes and effective coughing.

[c] Maintaining strict bed rest in a supine position.

[d] Providing a diet low in calories and protein.

A patient with ulcerative colitis is experiencing an acute exacerbation. The nurse would expect the physician to order which type of diet?

[a] High-fiber, high-fat diet.

[b] Regular diet with no restrictions.

[c] High-protein, high-calorie diet.

[d] Low-residue, low-fat diet.

A patient is admitted with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). The nurse would expect which laboratory finding and associated nursing intervention?

[a] Hypernatremia and encouraging oral fluids.

[b] Hyperkalemia and administering potassium supplements.

[c] Hypocalcemia and preparing for seizure precautions.

[d] Hyponatremia and implementing fluid restriction.

The nurse is educating a patient who has just had a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and has a continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) system in place. What is the primary purpose of the CBI?

[a] To provide continuous hydration to the patient.

[b] To administer antibiotics directly into the bladder.

[c] To prevent the formation of blood clots that can obstruct urinary flow.

[d] To measure the hourly urine output accurately.

A nurse is assessing a patient for Broca's aphasia following a stroke. Which finding would be characteristic of this condition?

[a] The patient is unable to understand spoken or written language.

[b] The patient understands language but has difficulty speaking and forming words.

[c] The patient speaks fluently, but the words are meaningless (word salad).

[d] The patient is unable to perform a previously learned motor skill.

A patient with Scleroderma complains of their fingers turning white, then blue, and then red when exposed to cold. The nurse recognizes this as Raynaud's phenomenon and should advise the patient to:

[a] Apply ice packs to reduce the redness and swelling.

[b] Increase their intake of caffeine to improve circulation.

[c] Wear gloves and warm socks and avoid cold temperatures.

[d] Take an over-the-counter antihistamine.

A patient is being treated for Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). The initial IV fluid therapy is normal saline. When the blood glucose level falls to approximately 250 mg/dL, the nurse anticipates an order to:

[a] Discontinue the IV fluid infusion.

[b] Increase the rate of the normal saline infusion.

[c] Switch the IV fluid to Lactated Ringer's solution.

[d] Change the IV fluid to one containing dextrose (e.g., D5 1/2 NS).