A child is brought to the emergency department after ingesting a corrosive alkali cleaning agent. What is the priority nursing action?
[a] Induce vomiting immediately.
[b] Administer activated charcoal.
[c] Assess and secure the airway, and prepare for potential intubation.
[d] Attempt to neutralize the alkali with a weak acid like vinegar.
A farmer is admitted with signs of a cholinergic crisis (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation) after exposure to an agricultural pesticide. The nurse anticipates administering which primary antidote?
[a] N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
[b] Flumazenil.
[c] Atropine sulfate.
[d] Naloxone.
A patient is being treated for a Russell's viper snake bite. The nurse should be most vigilant for which complication?
[a] Acute respiratory paralysis.
[b] Severe muscle cramps and rigidity.
[c] Spontaneous bleeding and coagulation abnormalities.
[d] A rapidly spreading necrotic skin lesion.
A patient is found unconscious in a garage with a car running. They have cherry-red skin. The nurse suspects carbon monoxide poisoning. What is the most important immediate treatment?
[a] Administering 2L of oxygen via nasal cannula.
[b] Drawing blood for a carboxyhemoglobin level.
[c] Starting an IV infusion of normal saline.
[d] Administering 100% oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
A patient presents with severe anaphylaxis after a bee sting. After ensuring a patent airway, what is the first-line medication the nurse should prepare to administer?
[a] Diphenhydramine (an antihistamine).
[b] Hydrocortisone (a steroid).
[c] Epinephrine (Adrenaline).
[d] Salbutamol (a bronchodilator).
Which statement by a bystander providing first aid for a snake bite indicates a need for immediate correction by the nurse?
[a] "I kept the person calm and still."
[b] "I removed their tight watch and bracelet."
[c] "I tried to identify the snake from a safe distance."
[d] "I applied a tight tourniquet above the bite wound."
A group of people develop nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea 2-4 hours after eating potato salad at a picnic. This rapid onset of gastrointestinal symptoms is most characteristic of food poisoning caused by:
[a] Salmonella.
[b] Clostridium botulinum.
[c] Staphylococcus aureus toxin.
[d] Escherichia coli.
An industrial worker sustains a chemical burn from a dry powder. What is the priority first aid measure?
[a] Immediately irrigate the area with water.
[b] Brush off as much of the dry powder as possible before irrigating.
[c] Apply a neutralizing chemical agent.
[d] Cover the area with a sterile, dry dressing.
A teenager is admitted after ingesting an entire bottle of paracetamol (acetaminophen). The nurse anticipates an order for which specific antidote?
[a] Activated charcoal.
[b] Sodium bicarbonate.
[c] Atropine.
[d] N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
A patient is admitted with suspected botulism from improperly canned food. The nurse should be most alert for which progressive clinical sign?
[a] Severe abdominal cramping and watery diarrhea.
[b] A high fever and shaking chills.
[c] Descending paralysis, starting with blurred vision and difficulty swallowing.
[d] A painful, vesicular rash.
When is the administration of activated charcoal most effective for an ingested poison?
[a] 4-6 hours after ingestion.
[b] Only after gastric lavage is completed.
[c] Within 1 hour of ingestion.
[d] When the patient is unconscious.
A patient is bitten by a cobra. The nurse's priority assessment should focus on the patient's:
[a] Coagulation profile.
[b] Degree of local swelling.
[c] Respiratory status and neurological function.
[d] Blood pressure and heart rate.
Which intervention is a priority in the supportive management of most types of bacterial food poisoning?
[a] Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
[b] Inducing vomiting to clear the toxin.
[c] Administering anti-diarrheal medications.
[d] Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
A patient who was stung by a scorpion complains of severe localized pain. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
[a] Apply a warm compress to the area.
[b] Elevate the affected limb above the heart.
[c] Make a small incision over the sting site.
[d] Apply a cold compress and immobilize the limb.
In which situation is gastric lavage contraindicated?
[a] Ingestion of a large amount of aspirin.
[b] Ingestion of a strong corrosive acid.
[c] Overdose of a tricyclic antidepressant.
[d] A patient who ingested poison 30 minutes ago.
The definitive treatment for a severe, systemic envenomation from a snake bite is the administration of:
[a] Tetanus toxoid.
[b] Broad-spectrum antibiotics.
[c] Corticosteroids.
[d] Anti-snake venom (ASV).
A patient who works in a battery manufacturing plant has inhaled acid fumes. After removing the patient from the environment and ensuring a patent airway, the nurse should assess for what primary complication?
[a] Renal failure.
[b] Liver damage.
[c] Pulmonary edema.
[d] Cardiac arrhythmia.
A key principle in the management of any poisoned patient, after ensuring ABCs, is to:
[a] Administer a universal antidote immediately.
[b] Induce vomiting regardless of the substance.
[c] Identify the poison and the time of exposure, if possible.
[d] Force fluids to dilute the poison.
Tinnitus, hyperventilation, and metabolic acidosis are classic signs of overdose with which common medication?
[a] Paracetamol.
[b] Diazepam.
[c] Aspirin (Salicylates).
[d] Digoxin.
When providing first aid instructions over the phone for an eye exposure to a liquid chemical, what should the nurse advise the caller to do first?
[a] Cover the eye with a patch and come to the hospital.
[b] Try to identify the chemical from its container.
[c] Close the eye tightly to prevent further damage.
[d] Flush the eye with a continuous stream of lukewarm water for at least 15-20 minutes.
A patient is admitted after being found with an empty bottle of benzodiazepines. The nurse should be prepared to administer which reversal agent?
[a] Naloxone.
[b] Flumazenil.
[c] Protamine sulfate.
[d] Physostigmine.
Which assessment finding is a contraindication for the use of activated charcoal?
[a] The patient is conscious and alert.
[b] An absent gag reflex in an unprotected airway.
[c] The poison was ingested 30 minutes ago.
[d] The patient has audible bowel sounds.
Why is pulse oximetry an unreliable indicator of oxygenation status in a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning?
[a] Carbon monoxide causes severe vasoconstriction of the fingers.
[b] The machine cannot function in the presence of CO.
[c] Carbon monoxide causes a falsely low reading.
[d] The pulse oximeter cannot differentiate between oxyhemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin.
A crucial nursing intervention for a patient with a chemical burn is:
[a] Covering the burn immediately with an occlusive dressing.
[b] Applying ice directly to the burn to reduce pain.
[c] Administering a tetanus shot.
[d] Removing all contaminated clothing and jewelry.
A patient is admitted after ingesting a large quantity of kerosene (a hydrocarbon). The nurse should be particularly vigilant for which complication?
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