Principles and uses of Epidemiology | Levels of Prevention of Disease | Disease Transmission | Mock Test | Staff Nurse | Guides Academy

Principles and uses of epidemiology, levels of prevention f disease, disease transmission, immunization, control of infectious disease.


Time: 15:00
Which statement best defines the discipline of epidemiology?
[a] The study of how to treat and cure communicable diseases in individuals.
[b] The science of developing new vaccines and antimicrobial drugs.
[c] The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specified populations.
[d] The practice of providing direct nursing care in a community setting.
A school nurse conducts a scoliosis screening for all middle school students. This activity is an example of which level of prevention?
[a] Primary Prevention
[b] Secondary Prevention
[c] Tertiary Prevention
[d] Primordial Prevention
The transmission of malaria from a mosquito to a human is an example of which mode of disease transmission?
[a] Direct contact
[b] Fomite transmission
[c] Droplet transmission
[d] Vector-borne transmission
When a person develops long-lasting immunity after receiving a vaccine, such as the measles vaccine, this is known as:
[a] Natural passive immunity
[b] Artificial passive immunity
[c] Artificial active immunity
[d] Natural active immunity
A public health nurse advises a family who has been exposed to a person with meningococcal meningitis to remain at home and monitor for symptoms. This is an example of:
[a] Quarantine
[b] Isolation
[c] Disinfection
[d] Surveillance
The epidemiological triad explains disease causation as an interaction between the agent, the host, and what other factor?
[a] The treatment
[b] The outcome
[c] The mode of transmission
[d] The environment
A community health nurse teaches a class on smoking cessation to a group of healthy adolescents. This is an example of which level of prevention?
[a] Primary Prevention
[b] Secondary Prevention
[c] Tertiary Prevention
[d] Curative Care
In the chain of infection, hand hygiene is the most effective way to break the link of:
[a] Infectious agent
[b] Reservoir
[c] Mode of transmission
[d] Susceptible host
The concept of "herd immunity" implies that:
[a] Only people who have had the disease are truly immune.
[b] Vaccinated individuals can never get the disease.
[c] A high proportion of vaccinated individuals in a population can protect those who are not vaccinated.
[d] It is better to get the disease naturally than to be vaccinated.
A nurse is caring for a patient with active, infectious tuberculosis. The control measure that involves placing the patient in a negative-pressure room is known as:
[a] Quarantine
[b] Disinfection
[c] Sterilization
[d] Isolation
A nurse is reviewing community data. The term "prevalence" refers to the:
[a] Number of deaths from a disease in a given year.
[b] Total number of existing cases of a disease in a population at a specific point in time.
[c] Number of new cases of a disease that occur during a specified period.
[d] The speed at which a disease is spreading.
A cardiac rehabilitation program for patients who have had a heart attack is an example of which level of prevention?
[a] Primary Prevention
[b] Secondary Prevention
[c] Tertiary Prevention
[d] Health Promotion
An outbreak of foodborne illness traced back to a contaminated batch of potato salad at a picnic is an example of what type of transmission source?
[a] Vector-borne
[b] Airborne
[c] Propagated outbreak
[d] Common vehicle
A newborn baby receives antibodies from her mother through breast milk. This is an example of:
[a] Natural passive immunity
[b] Artificial passive immunity
[c] Artificial active immunity
[d] Natural active immunity
The process of eliminating all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores, from an object is called:
[a] Disinfection
[b] Antisepsis
[c] Sterilization
[d] Sanitation
When a disease is constantly present in a certain geographic area, such as malaria in parts of Africa, it is described as being:
[a] Epidemic
[b] Pandemic
[c] Sporadic
[d] Endemic
A nurse is educating a patient about live attenuated vaccines (e.g., MMR, varicella). A key piece of information is that these vaccines are generally contraindicated for individuals who:
[a] Have a fear of needles.
[b] Have a mild cold or upper respiratory infection.
[c] Are severely immunocompromised.
[d] Have a history of allergies to eggs.
The systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential for planning, implementing, and evaluating public health practice is known as:
[a] Quarantine
[b] Public health surveillance
[c] Contact tracing
[d] Outbreak investigation
An individual who can transmit a pathogen to others without showing any signs or symptoms of the disease is referred to as a:
[a] Vector
[b] Fomite
[c] Susceptible host
[d] Carrier
The term "incidence rate" in epidemiology is used to describe the:
[a] Total number of people affected by a disease.
[b] Number of deaths caused by a disease.
[c] Number of new cases of a disease over a specific period.
[d] Severity of the symptoms of a disease.
Which of the following is a primary goal of contact tracing for a communicable disease?
[a] To punish individuals who have spread the disease.
[b] To identify and manage exposed individuals to prevent further transmission.
[c] To collect data for research purposes only.
[d] To provide primary care to the infected individual.
A nurse administers an injection of immunoglobulins to a person who has been exposed to hepatitis B. This intervention provides what type of immunity?
[a] Natural active
[b] Artificial active
[c] Natural passive
[d] Artificial passive
Transmission of an infectious agent like influenza via coughing or sneezing is classified as:
[a] Airborne transmission
[b] Droplet transmission
[c] Vector-borne transmission
[d] Fecal-oral transmission
An important use of epidemiology for a community health nurse is to:
[a] Diagnose and treat individual patient illnesses.
[b] Identify high-risk groups and plan targeted health programs.
[c] Manage the budget for the local health department.
[d] Perform complex laboratory tests to identify pathogens.
The most effective way to prevent the spread of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in a healthcare setting is by implementing:
[a] Airborne precautions for all patients.
[b] Routine use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
[c] Strict adherence to hand hygiene and contact precautions.
[d] Placing all patients in private rooms.

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