Health problems of children, accidents, obesity, Juvenile delinquency.
Time: 15:00
What is the leading cause of death for children over the age of one year in the United States?
[a] Congenital anomalies.
[b] Childhood cancers.
[c] Unintentional injuries (accidents).
[d] Infectious diseases.
Childhood obesity is clinically defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) that is:
[a] At or above the 50th percentile for age and sex.
[b] Between the 85th and 94th percentile for age and sex.
[c] At or above the 95th percentile for age and sex.
[d] Greater than 30, regardless of age.
Juvenile delinquency is distinguished from normal adolescent risk-taking by:
[a] The adolescent's dislike of authority figures.
[b] Occasional rule-breaking and testing of limits.
[c] A persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms and the rights of others.
[d] Poor academic performance and truancy.
Which of the following is the most common chronic illness of childhood?
[a] Type 1 Diabetes.
[b] Sickle Cell Anemia.
[c] Asthma.
[d] Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.
A parent calls the clinic in a panic, stating their toddler just ingested a household cleaning product. What is the nurse's immediate instruction to the parent?
[a] "Induce vomiting immediately by giving syrup of ipecac."
[b] "Give the child a large glass of milk to dilute the poison."
[c] "Bring the child to the emergency room right away."
[d] "Hang up and call the national Poison Control Center hotline immediately."
A nurse assessing an obese adolescent notes dark, velvety hyperpigmentation on the posterior neck. This finding, known as acanthosis nigricans, is a clinical marker for:
[a] Poor hygiene.
[b] Insulin resistance.
[c] A thyroid disorder.
[d] An allergic reaction.
Which of the following is a significant risk factor for juvenile delinquency?
[a] Participation in organized sports.
[b] Having a high IQ.
[c] Being in a two-parent household.
[d] Lack of parental supervision and family dysfunction.
What is the priority nursing intervention for a child hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis and vomiting?
[a] Administering an anti-emetic.
[b] Forcing the child to eat solid foods.
[c] Assessing for signs of dehydration and managing fluid balance.
[d] Obtaining a stool sample for culture.
The most effective strategy to prevent drowning in toddlers is:
[a] Enrolling the toddler in swimming lessons.
[b] "Touch supervision" when in or near any body of water.
[c] Using inflatable arm bands or floaties.
[d] Installing a pool alarm.
Childhood obesity significantly increases the risk for developing which health condition later in life?
[a] Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
[b] Osteoporosis.
[c] Iron-deficiency anemia.
[d] Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.
A 14-year-old is brought to the clinic with a history of physical aggression, destruction of property, and theft. These behaviors are characteristic of:
A toddler presents with a fever, irritability, and is observed pulling at their left ear. The nurse suspects which common childhood illness?
[a] Pharyngitis.
[b] Acute Otitis Media.
[c] Conjunctivitis.
[d] Teething.
Anticipatory guidance for parents of toddlers to prevent aspiration should include advising them to avoid which foods?
[a] Bananas, avocados, and yogurt.
[b] Cooked pasta, cheese cubes, and soft bread.
[c] Whole grapes, hard candy, and hot dogs cut into circles.
[d] Applesauce, mashed potatoes, and scrambled eggs.
What is the most effective and recommended approach to managing childhood obesity?
[a] Placing the child on a strict, low-calorie diet.
[b] Focusing solely on increasing the child's physical activity.
[c] Implementing a family-based approach involving lifestyle changes for everyone.
[d] Prescribing weight-loss medication as a first-line treatment.
What is the primary role of a nurse when caring for an adolescent with delinquent behaviors in a healthcare setting?
[a] To act as a disciplinary figure and enforce rules.
[b] To determine legal consequences for their actions.
[c] To provide non-judgmental care, screen for risk factors, and facilitate appropriate referrals.
[d] To report the adolescent's behavior to their school principal.
A parent is very anxious after their 18-month-old had a brief febrile seizure. The nurse's education should include the reassurance that simple febrile seizures:
[a] Are a definite sign of epilepsy.
[b] Cause permanent brain damage.
[c] Are generally benign and do not have long-term negative outcomes.
[d] Can be prevented by giving antibiotics for every fever.
Current car safety guidelines recommend that children remain in a rear-facing car seat until:
[a] They reach their first birthday.
[b] They can walk independently.
[c] They reach the highest weight or height allowed by the seat's manufacturer, typically around age 2 or older.
[d] They weigh 20 pounds (9 kg).
In addition to physical health problems, childhood obesity is strongly associated with which psychosocial issue?
[a] Improved peer relationships.
[b] Low self-esteem, depression, and being a victim of bullying.
[c] Higher academic achievement.
[d] Decreased risk of anxiety.
Screening adolescents for behaviors often associated with juvenile delinquency should include the use of a validated tool, such as the CRAFFT, to screen for:
[a] Depression and anxiety.
[b] Substance and alcohol use.
[c] Learning disabilities.
[d] Suicidal ideation.
Excessive intake of cow's milk ("milk baby") in toddlers is a common cause of which health problem?
[a] Obesity.
[b] Vitamin D toxicity.
[c] Iron-deficiency anemia.
[d] Calcium deficiency.
The nurse's role in the primary prevention of accidents in children primarily involves:
[a] Treating injuries as they occur.
[b] Documenting accidents accurately.
[c] Providing anticipatory guidance and safety education to parents.
[d] Reporting unsafe living conditions to authorities.
Which of the following describes a key component of management for atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
[a] Frequent bathing with hot water and soap.
[b] Applying steroid creams to the entire body daily.
[c] Avoiding all forms of moisturizers to let the skin "breathe."
[d] Keeping the skin well-hydrated with emollients and avoiding known triggers.
A school nurse's role in addressing childhood obesity includes which of the following actions?
[a] Placing overweight students on a public diet plan.
[b] Disclosing a student's BMI to their classmates.
[c] Promoting healthy eating habits and facilitating physical activity programs at school.
[d] Reporting parents of obese children to child protective services.
Primary prevention of juvenile delinquency focuses on:
[a] Incarcerating youths after they commit a crime.
[b] Assigning probation officers to all high-risk adolescents.
[c] Interventions that promote positive youth development, such as mentoring and after-school programs.
[d] Placing all troubled teens in residential treatment centers.
A child is brought to the ED after a fall. Which sign would indicate a potentially serious head injury requiring immediate medical attention?
[a] A small bruise or "goose egg" at the site of impact.
[b] Crying immediately after the fall.
[c] A superficial abrasion on the forehead.
[d] Repeated vomiting or a change in level of consciousness.
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