Management of children with communicable diseases. child abuse
Time: 15:00
A nurse is providing care instructions to the parents of a child with varicella (chickenpox). The nurse should inform the parents that the child is considered contagious until when?
[a] As soon as the fever disappears.
[b] 24 hours after the rash first appears.
[c] When all lesions have crusted over.
[d] One week after the rash first appears.
A nurse in the emergency department suspects that a child's injuries are a result of physical abuse. What is the nurse's primary legal and ethical responsibility?
[a] Confront the parents with the suspicions.
[b] Ask the child directly if they were abused.
[c] Wait for the physician to confirm the abuse before acting.
[d] Report the suspicion to the appropriate child protective services agency.
A child is brought to the clinic with a high fever, cough, and conjunctivitis. During an oral assessment, the nurse notices small, irregular bluish-white spots on the buccal mucosa. The nurse recognizes this as a pathognomonic sign of which disease?
[a] Scarlet fever.
[b] Measles (Rubeola).
[c] Rubella (German Measles).
[d] Varicella.
Which type of fracture in a non-ambulatory infant is highly suspicious for child abuse?
[a] Clavicle fracture.
[b] Spiral fracture of the femur.
[c] Greenstick fracture of the radius.
[d] Buckle fracture of the tibia.
A 4-month-old infant is hospitalized with a diagnosis of pertussis (whooping cough). What is the priority nursing intervention for this child?
[a] Maintaining adequate hydration.
[b] Administering antipyretics for fever.
[c] Ensuring a patent airway and monitoring respiratory status.
[d] Providing comfort measures to reduce irritability.
Which of the following is the most common form of child maltreatment?
[a] Physical abuse.
[b] Sexual abuse.
[c] Neglect.
[d] Emotional abuse.
The nurse is admitting a child with suspected meningococcal meningitis. Which type of transmission-based precautions should be initiated immediately?
[a] Contact precautions.
[b] Droplet precautions.
[c] Airborne precautions.
[d] Standard precautions only.
When documenting a case of suspected child abuse, the nurse should:
[a] Include personal opinions about the parents' behavior.
[b] Use generalized terms like "child appears abused."
[c] Record objective, factual descriptions of injuries and use direct quotes from the child.
[d] Write the final diagnosis of "child abuse" in the nursing notes.
A child is diagnosed with erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease). The nurse knows it is important to ask the child's mother about which condition, due to potential risks?
[a] History of asthma.
[b] Recent international travel.
[c] Current pregnancy status.
[d] Allergies to antibiotics.
A 3-month-old infant is brought to the ER with lethargy and seizures. Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome) is suspected. Which finding would be a classic sign of this condition?
[a] Multiple bruises on the arms and legs.
[b] A single linear skull fracture.
[c] Retinal hemorrhages.
[d] Obvious signs of external trauma to the head.
A nurse assessing a child with a sore throat and fever notes a fine, red, "sandpaper" rash on the trunk and a bright red tongue with a "strawberry" appearance. These are hallmark signs of:
[a] Roseola.
[b] Mumps.
[c] Scarlet fever.
[d] Hand, foot, and mouth disease.
What is the nurse's first priority when providing care to a child who is a suspected victim of abuse?
[a] Collecting forensic evidence.
[b] Completing the hospital's incident report.
[c] Ensuring the child's immediate safety and well-being.
[d] Obtaining a detailed confession from the caregiver.
A teenager diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis asks the nurse when he can return to playing football. The nurse's best response is based on the knowledge that:
[a] He can return as soon as his fever is gone for 24 hours.
[b] He should wait at least one week after diagnosis.
[c] Contact sports must be avoided until cleared by a physician due to the risk of splenic rupture.
[d] He can return to sports immediately as long as he feels up to it.
A nurse is assessing a toddler and notes several bruises. Which location is most suggestive of an accidental injury rather than abuse?
[a] On the abdomen.
[b] On the middle of the back.
[c] Over the shins.
[d] On the buttocks.
The nursing management for a child with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease primarily focuses on:
[a] Administering antibiotics to prevent secondary infection.
[b] Applying topical corticosteroids to the rash.
[c] Providing pain relief and ensuring adequate hydration.
[d] Maintaining strict airborne precautions.
Which statement by a parent should be considered a "red flag" for potential child abuse?
[a] "I was so worried, I brought him to the hospital right away."
[b] "I'm not exactly sure how it happened; I wasn't in the room."
[c] "The injury happened yesterday, but I didn't think it was that bad until today."
[d] "My child is so clumsy and always getting into things."
A school nurse is concerned about an outbreak of mumps. The nurse should be screening children for the most common sign of mumps, which is:
[a] A maculopapular rash on the face.
[b] Swelling of the parotid glands.
[c] High fever and severe cough.
[d] Vesicular lesions in the mouth.
A child is repeatedly hospitalized with inexplicable, complex symptoms that resolve only when separated from their caregiver. The nurse might suspect:
[a] Severe neglect.
[b] Abusive head trauma.
[c] Factitious disorder imposed on another (Munchausen by proxy).
[d] A rare, undiagnosed genetic disorder.
A child has a skin infection with lesions that are described as "honey-crusted." The nurse recognizes this as the characteristic sign of:
[a] Scabies.
[b] Ringworm (Tinea corporis).
[c] Impetigo.
[d] Atopic dermatitis (Eczema).
Which of the following is a potential behavioral indicator of emotional abuse in a school-age child?
[a] Excellent school performance.
[b] Extremes in behavior, such as being overly compliant and passive or very aggressive.
[c] Wearing clothes that are consistently clean and well-fitting.
[d] Having many close friendships with peers.
What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention for a child with a fever of 39.5°C (103.1°F)?
[a] Administer aspirin immediately.
[b] Give the child a cold water bath.
[c] Remove excess clothing and blankets.
[d] Withhold all fluids to prevent vomiting.
During an interview, the nurse should create a safe environment for a child who may have been abused by:
[a] Conducting the interview with the parents present to make the child comfortable.
[b] Promising the child that they won't have to tell anyone else.
[c] Assuring the child they are not in trouble and have done nothing wrong.
[d] Asking leading questions to get the story quickly.
The nurse is educating parents about rotavirus. What is the most important measure to prevent the spread of this common cause of severe diarrhea in young children?
[a] Wearing masks when caring for the sick child.
[b] Ensuring the child receives the influenza vaccine.
[c] Performing thorough hand hygiene, especially after changing diapers.
[d] Administering antibiotics as prescribed.
A school nurse notes that a 7-year-old child has recurrent urinary tract infections, appears withdrawn, and is fearful of being touched. These findings may be indicators of:
[a] Physical neglect.
[b] Sexual abuse.
[c] A congenital kidney defect.
[d] Normal developmental anxiety.
A burn in the shape of a perfect circle from a cigarette or a "stocking/glove" pattern on the extremities is highly indicative of:
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