Management of handicapped children, mental retardation, dyslexia, vision and hearing impairment.

Management of handicapped children, mental retardation, dyslexia, vision and hearing impairment.

Management of handicapped children, mental retardation, dyslexia, vision and hearing impairment.


Time: 15:00
The primary goal in the nursing management of a child with an intellectual disability (formerly mental retardation) is to:
[a] Ensure the child remains dependent on caregivers for all needs.
[b] Make all decisions for the child to reduce their stress.
[c] Promote the child's optimal development and functioning within their limitations.
[d] Isolate the child from peers to protect them from bullying.
A nurse is orienting a school-age child with a significant vision impairment to their hospital room. The most effective strategy is to:
[a] Describe the room layout briefly from the doorway.
[b] Ask the parents to guide the child around the room.
[c] Walk the child around the room, allowing them to touch and locate key items (bed, call light, bathroom).
[d] Keep the lights dim to avoid overstimulation.
Which finding in a 4-month-old infant is a potential early sign of a hearing impairment?
[a] The infant turns their head towards a parent's voice.
[b] Absence of the startle (Moro) reflex in response to a loud noise.
[c] The infant cries when hungry or uncomfortable.
[d] The infant makes cooing and gurgling sounds.
Dyslexia is primarily a disorder of:
[a] Vision, where letters are seen backwards.
[b] Low intelligence or lack of motivation.
[c] Language processing, specifically phonological awareness.
[d] Fine motor skills affecting the ability to write.
When communicating with a school-age child who has a moderate intellectual disability, the nurse should:
[a] Use complex medical terms to be precise.
[b] Speak only to the parents.
[c] Use simple, concrete language and demonstrate actions whenever possible.
[d] Ask abstract, open-ended questions to assess understanding.
Which of the following is a critical safety intervention for a hospitalized child with a profound hearing impairment?
[a] Ensuring the television volume is always high.
[b] Speaking loudly directly into the child's ear.
[c] Ensuring the room is equipped with a visual alarm for emergencies (e.g., flashing light for a fire alarm).
[d] Limiting visitors to prevent overstimulation.
An infant who does not make eye contact or visually track a moving object by 3 months of age should be referred for which type of evaluation?
[a] A hearing screening.
[b] A vision screening.
[c] An intelligence test.
[d] A physical therapy assessment.
The most appropriate nursing action when entering the room of a visually impaired child is to:
[a] Touch the child's arm immediately to announce your presence.
[b] Wait for the child to speak to you first.
[c] Rearrange the furniture to make it safer.
[d] Speak your name and role clearly before approaching the child.
A school nurse is working with a child diagnosed with dyslexia. A common co-occurring condition the nurse should be aware of is:
[a] Conduct Disorder.
[b] Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
[c] Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
[d] Tourette's Syndrome.
The principle of "normalization" for a child with a handicap means:
[a] Expecting the child to function exactly like a child without a disability.
[b] Enrolling the child in a specialized, segregated school.
[c] Providing opportunities and experiences for the child that are as close as possible to those of their peers.
[d] Focusing only on the child's physical therapy needs.
A nurse is teaching a parent how to care for their child's in-the-ear hearing aids. Which instruction is correct?
[a] "You can wash the hearing aids with soap and water daily."
[b] "Store the hearing aids in a cool, dry place and check the batteries regularly."
[c] "The volume should always be kept at the maximum level."
[d] "The hearing aids should be worn while bathing or swimming."
The nurse notes "leukocoria" (a white reflex instead of a red reflex) in a photograph of a child's eye. This finding requires:
[a] Continued observation at the next well-child visit.
[b] A routine screening for color blindness.
[c] Immediate referral to an ophthalmologist.
[d] A test of the child's visual acuity.
A key role of the nurse in supporting a child with dyslexia within the school system is:
[a] Diagnosing the learning disability.
[b] Teaching the child how to read.
[c] Advocating for appropriate accommodations, such as extended time on tests.
[d] Prescribing medication for attention problems.
Which of the following is a primary prevention strategy for intellectual disability?
[a] Enrolling a child with a disability in an early intervention program.
[b] Providing special education services in school.
[c] Advising pregnant women to take folic acid to prevent neural tube defects.
[d] Using a wheelchair to promote mobility.
Which communication strategy is most effective when interacting with a child who is profoundly deaf and uses sign language?
[a] Writing everything down on a notepad.
[b] Shouting so the child might hear some words.
[c] Using a qualified sign language interpreter.
[d] Speaking slowly and exaggerating lip movements.
Treatment for amblyopia ("lazy eye") in a young child typically involves:
[a] Prescribing corrective lenses for both eyes.
[b] Surgical correction of the eye muscles.
[c] Patching the stronger eye to force the weaker eye to work.
[d] Administering medicated eye drops to the weaker eye.
A nurse is developing a care plan for a child with a severe intellectual disability. The highest priority nursing diagnosis would be:
[a] Impaired social interaction.
[b] Risk for injury.
[c] Delayed growth and development.
[d] Ineffective coping.
A common frustration for children with dyslexia is the discrepancy between their:
[a] Reading ability and math skills.
[b] Social skills and athletic ability.
[c] Verbal intelligence/comprehension and their ability to read written words.
[d] Fine motor skills and gross motor skills.
A significant delay in language development in a toddler is a major warning sign that requires a referral for:
[a] Vision screening.
[b] A psychosocial evaluation.
[c] An occupational therapy assessment.
[d] A hearing evaluation.
The most effective way to support the family of a child newly diagnosed with a significant disability is to:
[a] Tell them not to worry and that everything will be okay.
[b] Provide them with a large amount of complex medical literature.
[c] Acknowledge their emotions, provide clear information, and connect them with support services.
[d] Take over decision-making to lessen their burden.
A child with a cochlear implant should be taught to avoid which of the following?
[a] Exposure to loud music with headphones.
[b] Activities with a high risk of head trauma, such as tackle football without a helmet.
[c] All forms of air travel.
[d] Being in a room with a running microwave oven.
A child is hospitalized following eye surgery and has bilateral eye patches. Which nursing intervention is most important for the child's emotional well-being?
[a] Keeping the room dark and quiet at all times.
[b] Encouraging the child to sleep for most of the day.
[c] Verbally explaining all procedures and noises and reorienting the child frequently.
[d] Allowing only the parents to interact with the child.
The term currently preferred to replace "mental retardation" is:
[a] Cognitive delay.
[b] Developmental disability.
[c] Intellectual disability.
[d] Learning disability.
Which educational strategy is most beneficial for students with dyslexia?
[a] Asking them to read aloud frequently in class.
[b] Providing them with more difficult reading material to challenge them.
[c] Using a structured, explicit, and multisensory approach to reading instruction.
[d] Encouraging them to guess words based on pictures.
A nurse is preparing a care plan for a child with cerebral palsy who also has a visual impairment. This is an example of a child with:
[a] A learning disability.
[b] An intellectual disability.
[c] Multiple disabilities.
[d] A behavioral disorder.

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