The principle of "normalization" for a child with a handicap means:
[a] Expecting the child to function exactly like a child without a disability.
[b] Enrolling the child in a specialized, segregated school.
[c] Providing opportunities and experiences for the child that are as close as possible to those of their peers.
[d] Focusing only on the child's physical therapy needs.
A nurse is teaching a parent how to care for their child's in-the-ear hearing aids. Which instruction is correct?
[a] "You can wash the hearing aids with soap and water daily."
[b] "Store the hearing aids in a cool, dry place and check the batteries regularly."
[c] "The volume should always be kept at the maximum level."
[d] "The hearing aids should be worn while bathing or swimming."
The nurse notes "leukocoria" (a white reflex instead of a red reflex) in a photograph of a child's eye. This finding requires:
[a] Continued observation at the next well-child visit.
[b] A routine screening for color blindness.
[c] Immediate referral to an ophthalmologist.
[d] A test of the child's visual acuity.
A key role of the nurse in supporting a child with dyslexia within the school system is:
[a] Diagnosing the learning disability.
[b] Teaching the child how to read.
[c] Advocating for appropriate accommodations, such as extended time on tests.
[d] Prescribing medication for attention problems.
Which of the following is a primary prevention strategy for intellectual disability?
[a] Enrolling a child with a disability in an early intervention program.
[b] Providing special education services in school.
[c] Advising pregnant women to take folic acid to prevent neural tube defects.
[d] Using a wheelchair to promote mobility.
Which communication strategy is most effective when interacting with a child who is profoundly deaf and uses sign language?
[a] Writing everything down on a notepad.
[b] Shouting so the child might hear some words.
[c] Using a qualified sign language interpreter.
[d] Speaking slowly and exaggerating lip movements.
Treatment for amblyopia ("lazy eye") in a young child typically involves:
[a] Prescribing corrective lenses for both eyes.
[b] Surgical correction of the eye muscles.
[c] Patching the stronger eye to force the weaker eye to work.
[d] Administering medicated eye drops to the weaker eye.
A nurse is developing a care plan for a child with a severe intellectual disability. The highest priority nursing diagnosis would be:
[a] Impaired social interaction.
[b] Risk for injury.
[c] Delayed growth and development.
[d] Ineffective coping.
A common frustration for children with dyslexia is the discrepancy between their:
[a] Reading ability and math skills.
[b] Social skills and athletic ability.
[c] Verbal intelligence/comprehension and their ability to read written words.
[d] Fine motor skills and gross motor skills.
A significant delay in language development in a toddler is a major warning sign that requires a referral for:
[a] Vision screening.
[b] A psychosocial evaluation.
[c] An occupational therapy assessment.
[d] A hearing evaluation.
The most effective way to support the family of a child newly diagnosed with a significant disability is to:
[a] Tell them not to worry and that everything will be okay.
[b] Provide them with a large amount of complex medical literature.
[c] Acknowledge their emotions, provide clear information, and connect them with support services.
[d] Take over decision-making to lessen their burden.
A child with a cochlear implant should be taught to avoid which of the following?
[a] Exposure to loud music with headphones.
[b] Activities with a high risk of head trauma, such as tackle football without a helmet.
[c] All forms of air travel.
[d] Being in a room with a running microwave oven.
A child is hospitalized following eye surgery and has bilateral eye patches. Which nursing intervention is most important for the child's emotional well-being?
[a] Keeping the room dark and quiet at all times.
[b] Encouraging the child to sleep for most of the day.
[c] Verbally explaining all procedures and noises and reorienting the child frequently.
[d] Allowing only the parents to interact with the child.
The term currently preferred to replace "mental retardation" is:
[a] Cognitive delay.
[b] Developmental disability.
[c] Intellectual disability.
[d] Learning disability.
Which educational strategy is most beneficial for students with dyslexia?
[a] Asking them to read aloud frequently in class.
[b] Providing them with more difficult reading material to challenge them.
[c] Using a structured, explicit, and multisensory approach to reading instruction.
[d] Encouraging them to guess words based on pictures.
A nurse is preparing a care plan for a child with cerebral palsy who also has a visual impairment. This is an example of a child with:
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