Management of patients with various disorders of Renal system | Mock Test | Staff Nurse | Guides Academy

Management of patients with various disorders of Renal system

Management of patients with various disorders of Renal system, Respiratory system, GI system, CVS system, haematological system, neurological system, and endocrine system.


Time: 15:00
A patient is admitted with an acute exacerbation of heart failure (CHF). Which nursing assessment is the most reliable indicator of their fluid volume status?
[a] Intake and output records.
[b] Presence of peripheral edema.
[c] Daily weight measurement.
[d] Lung sounds auscultation.
A nurse is caring for a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Which technique should the nurse teach the patient to help with dyspnea by prolonging exhalation and preventing air trapping?
[a] Huff coughing.
[b] Deep breathing and coughing.
[c] Pursed-lip breathing.
[d] Abdominal breathing.
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with acute pancreatitis?
[a] Encouraging a low-fat diet.
[b] Administering oral medications.
[c] Keeping the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) and managing pain.
[d] Monitoring for signs of constipation.
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). What is the initial priority in managing this patient?
[a] Administering a bolus of regular insulin intravenously.
[b] Correcting the hyperglycemia.
[c] Initiating intravenous fluid resuscitation.
[d] Administering sodium bicarbonate for acidosis.
What is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
[a] Pupillary changes (e.g., dilated, non-reactive pupils).
[b] Cushing's triad (bradycardia, hypertension, irregular respirations).
[c] A change in the level of consciousness.
[d] Posturing (decerebrate or decorticate).
A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L. The nurse should immediately assess the patient for:
[a] Seizures.
[b] Cardiac dysrhythmias.
[c] Respiratory depression.
[d] Dehydration.
The nurse is creating a plan of care for a patient with a platelet count of 35,000/mm³. Which intervention is most important to include?
[a] Encouraging ambulation to prevent DVT.
[b] Monitoring temperature for signs of infection.
[c] Implementing bleeding precautions (e.g., using a soft toothbrush, avoiding IM injections).
[d] Maintaining a high-protein diet.
A patient is experiencing an acute asthma attack with audible wheezing. The nurse should prepare to administer which medication first?
[a] An inhaled corticosteroid (e.g., fluticasone).
[b] A long-acting beta-agonist (e.g., salmeterol).
[c] A short-acting beta-agonist (e.g., albuterol).
[d] An oral leukotriene modifier (e.g., montelukast).
A nurse is caring for a patient with liver cirrhosis who has developed ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. A key nursing intervention is to monitor:
[a] Serum glucose levels.
[b] Urine specific gravity.
[c] Serum ammonia levels.
[d] Serum calcium levels.
A patient is admitted with an ischemic stroke. The nurse knows that to be a candidate for thrombolytic therapy (tPA), the patient must be treated within a specific time frame, which is typically:
[a] Within 24 hours of symptom onset.
[b] Within 12 hours of symptom onset.
[c] Within 6 hours of symptom onset.
[d] Within 3 to 4.5 hours of symptom onset.
A child with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is being monitored in the hospital. The nurse should prioritize assessment for which complication?
[a] Hypoglycemia.
[b] Hypertension.
[c] Hypokalemia.
[d] Dehydration.
What is the priority nursing management for a child experiencing a sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis?
[a] Administering anticoagulants and applying cold compresses.
[b] Restricting fluids and encouraging bed rest.
[c] Providing aggressive pain management and intravenous hydration.
[d] Preparing for an immediate blood transfusion.
A patient with a new diagnosis of hypertension is being discharged. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
[a] "I will need to monitor my blood pressure at home."
[b] "I should reduce the amount of salt in my diet."
[c] "I can stop taking my medication once my blood pressure is normal."
[d] "I plan to start a regular exercise program."
The nurse is caring for a patient who has just returned from an EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy). What is the priority nursing assessment before offering the patient oral fluids?
[a] Assessing for abdominal pain.
[b] Checking for bowel sounds.
[c] Measuring vital signs.
[d] Assessing for the return of the gag reflex.
A patient with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is admitted to the hospital. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to find?
[a] Tachycardia and heat intolerance.
[b] Diarrhea and weight loss.
[c] Bradycardia and constipation.
[d] Insomnia and anxiety.
A patient in the ICU develops refractory hypoxemia (low PaO2 despite receiving high concentrations of oxygen). This is the hallmark sign of which respiratory condition?
[a] Pulmonary embolism.
[b] Pneumothorax.
[c] Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
[d] Status asthmaticus.
A nurse is caring for a patient with ulcerative colitis. The nurse should expect the patient's stools to be:
[a] Hard, pellet-like, and infrequent.
[b] Large, greasy, and foul-smelling (steatorrhea).
[c] Watery and bloody.
[d] Formed and brown.
What is the primary reason for initiating droplet precautions for a patient with suspected bacterial meningitis?
[a] To prevent the spread of the organism through contact with the patient's skin.
[b] To protect the patient from acquiring infections from staff and visitors.
[c] To prevent transmission of the organism through coughing, sneezing, or talking.
[d] To prevent the spread of the organism through airborne routes over long distances.
A nurse is teaching a patient with iron-deficiency anemia about taking ferrous sulfate. The nurse should instruct the patient to take the supplement with which of the following to enhance absorption?
[a] A glass of milk.
[b] An antacid.
[c] A glass of orange juice.
[d] A meal high in fiber.
What is the most significant risk associated with atrial fibrillation?
[a] Ventricular tachycardia.
[b] Complete heart block.
[c] Hypertensive crisis.
[d] Thromboembolic events, such as a stroke.
A patient is taking the diuretic furosemide (Lasix). The nurse should closely monitor which electrolyte for a potential imbalance?
[a] Sodium.
[c] Potassium.
[b] Calcium.
[d] Magnesium.
The nurse is preparing to administer a scheduled dose of insulin to a patient with Type 1 diabetes. The patient is alert but reports feeling shaky and sweaty. What is the nurse's first action?
[a] Administer the insulin as ordered.
[b] Offer the patient a protein-rich snack.
[c] Check the patient's capillary blood glucose level.
[d] Notify the physician immediately.
A child is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse expects the urinalysis to show which classic finding?
[a] Large amounts of red blood cells (hematuria).
[b] Massive amounts of protein (proteinuria).
[c] High levels of glucose (glucosuria).
[d] Presence of bacteria and white blood cells.
A patient in the ER has a suspected myocardial infarction (MI). After establishing IV access and placing the patient on a cardiac monitor, the nurse's priority is to:
[a] Administer a dose of beta-blocker.
[b] Obtain a 12-lead ECG.
[c] Administer oxygen.
[d] Administer sublingual nitroglycerin.
The nurse finds a patient having a tonic-clonic seizure. The priority nursing action during the seizure is to:
[a] Insert a padded tongue blade into the patient's mouth.
[b] Restrain the patient's limbs to prevent injury.
[c] Administer an IV anticonvulsant medication.
[d] Protect the patient from injury and maintain a patent airway.

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