A nurse in a community health setting identifies a child with edema, a swollen abdomen, and sparse, brittle hair, despite not appearing severely underweight. These are classic signs of which form of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) prevalent in India?
[a] Marasmus.
[b] Nutritional Stunting.
[c] Kwashiorkor.
[d] Iron Deficiency Anemia.
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is a cornerstone of India's nutritional programs. Who are the primary beneficiaries of the supplementary nutrition component of ICDS?
[a] All children up to 14 years of age.
[b] Only adolescent girls.
[c] Children below 6 years, and pregnant and lactating mothers.
[d] Elderly population above 60 years.
A school health nurse is administering the Mid-Day Meal Scheme (now PM-POSHAN). What is the primary dual objective of this nationwide program?
[a] To teach children cooking skills and provide employment.
[b] To reduce childhood obesity and promote sports.
[c] To improve the nutritional status of schoolchildren and increase school enrollment and attendance.
[d] To provide free dinner to families below the poverty line.
Under the National Iron+ Initiative (NIPI), a nurse provides weekly Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation. This is a key strategy to combat which widespread nutritional problem in India?
[a] Iodine Deficiency Disorders.
[b] Vitamin A Deficiency.
[c] Nutritional Anemia.
[d] Protein-Energy Malnutrition.
A public health nurse is educating a community about the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP). What is the single most important intervention promoted by this program?
[a] Weekly iodine tablet distribution.
[b] Consumption of seafood.
[c] Universal consumption of iodized salt.
[d] Fortification of milk with iodine.
During a health check-up, a nurse notes Bitot's spots on a child's conjunctiva. This is a clinical sign of which micronutrient deficiency?
[a] Iron deficiency.
[b] Zinc deficiency.
[c] Vitamin A deficiency.
[d] Calcium deficiency.
The term 'stunting' in children, a major focus of POSHAN Abhiyaan, is defined as:
[a] Low weight-for-weight.
[b] Low weight-for-height.
[c] Low height-for-age.
[d] Low mid-upper arm circumference.
What is the primary role of the Anganwadi Worker (AWW) within the ICDS program?
[a] To perform minor surgeries in the village.
[b] To exclusively manage financial accounts of the Panchayat.
[c] To act as a frontline health and nutrition worker for the community, providing services at the Anganwadi Centre.
[d] To conduct high-school level classes.
India is facing a "double burden of malnutrition." What does this term signify?
[a] A high prevalence of two different micronutrient deficiencies simultaneously.
[b] Malnutrition affecting both rural and urban populations equally.
[c] The coexistence of undernutrition (stunting, wasting) and overnutrition (obesity, diet-related NCDs).
[d] Malnutrition caused by both lack of food and poor sanitation.
The Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme involves administering high-dose oral Vitamin A solution to children. What is the correct age group and frequency for this intervention after the initial 9-month dose?
[a] Every month for children up to 2 years.
[b] Once a year for all school-aged children.
[c] Every 6 months for children between 1 to 5 years.
[d] Only once at 18 months of age.
A nurse assessing a severely malnourished infant notes extreme wasting of muscle and fat, giving a "skin and bones" appearance without edema. This condition is known as:
[a] Kwashiorkor.
[b] Pellagra.
[c] Marasmus.
[d] Scurvy.
POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission) has set targets to reduce stunting, underweight, anemia, and another key indicator. What is the fourth key indicator?
[a] Goiter prevalence.
[b] Childhood obesity.
[c] Low Birth Weight (LBW).
[d] Dental caries.
The "Anemia Mukt Bharat" (AMB) strategy includes the 6x6x6 strategy. This involves six beneficiary groups, six interventions, and six institutional mechanisms. Which of the following is an intervention under AMB?
[a] Annual blood donation camps.
[b] Providing free spectacles.
[c] Bi-annual deworming for children and adolescents.
[d] Daily physical education in schools.
In nutritional assessment, "wasting" is a critical indicator of acute malnutrition. How is it defined?
[a] Low height-for-age.
[b] Low BMI-for-age.
[c] Low weight-for-height.
[d] Low head circumference-for-age.
The concept of food fortification is a key strategy to combat "hidden hunger." What does fortification mean?
[a] Preserving food using high amounts of salt.
[b] Providing a free extra meal to vulnerable groups.
[c] Deliberately increasing the content of one or more micronutrients in a food.
[d] Genetically modifying crops to increase yield.
A newborn is classified as having Low Birth Weight (LBW), a major health problem in India. What is the weight criteria for LBW?
[a] Birth weight less than 3.5 kg.
[b] Birth weight less than 3.0 kg.
[c] Birth weight less than 2.5 kg (2500 grams).
[d] Birth weight less than 2.0 kg (2000 grams).
Which government program in India focuses on screening children from birth to 18 years for Defects, Diseases, Deficiencies, and Developmental Delays, including malnutrition?
[a] National Leprosy Eradication Programme.
[b] Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY).
[c] Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK).
[d] Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY).
A major cause of preventable brain damage and intellectual disability in children in India has been significantly reduced by the NIDDCP. This is due to the prevention of:
[a] Anemia.
[b] Scurvy.
[c] Cretinism caused by iodine deficiency.
[d] Pellagra caused by niacin deficiency.
Besides supplementary nutrition and immunization, what is a key service offered at Anganwadi Centres under the ICDS scheme?
[a] Emergency surgical care.
[b] Formal primary school education.
[c] Pre-school non-formal education and health & nutrition education.
[d] Dispensing of all prescription medications.
A nurse counseling a pregnant woman emphasizes taking her full course of IFA tablets as provided by the health center. This is primarily to prevent:
[a] Gestational diabetes.
[b] Pregnancy-induced hypertension.
[c] Maternal anemia and low birth weight in the baby.
[d] Hyperemesis gravidarum.
The rise of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes and hypertension in India is linked to:
[a] An increase in infectious diseases.
[b] A return to traditional eating habits.
[c] A nutritional transition towards diets high in fat, sugar, and processed foods.
[d] A decrease in life expectancy.
Under the Mid-Day Meal scheme, the nutritional standards for meals are specified. The meals are designed to provide a certain fraction of the child's daily requirement of calories and what other key nutrient?
[a] Fat.
[b] Vitamin C.
[c] Protein.
[d] Calcium.
A key strategy for tackling malnutrition is promoting Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. This includes exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months and what other important practice?
[a] Introducing cow's milk at 4 months.
[b] Giving honey as the first food.
[c] Timely introduction of appropriate complementary foods from 6 months onwards.
[d] Starting solid foods only after one year of age.
What is "hidden hunger," a significant nutritional problem in India?
[a] A psychological condition where a person does not feel hunger.
[b] The practice of skipping meals without others knowing.
[c] A chronic lack of essential vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) in the diet.
[d] A severe form of anorexia nervosa.
The convergence of multiple schemes like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (cleanliness) and National Health Mission with POSHAN Abhiyaan is based on the understanding that:
[a] It is cheaper to run one large program than many small ones.
[b] Each program must compete for the same beneficiaries.
[c] Nutritional status is a multi-factorial issue influenced by health, sanitation, and clean water, not just food.
[d] All programs are mandated to be run by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
No comments: