Data collection process – methods and instruments of data collection, data analysis compilation, tabulation, classification, summarization ,presentation and interpretation of data using descriptive statistics
Time: 15:00
A nurse researcher watches and records how often patients use the hand sanitizer dispenser outside their room. This is an example of which data collection method?
[a] Interview.
[b] Questionnaire.
[c] Observation.
[d] Physiological measurement.
Which of the following is an example of a data collection instrument?
[a] An in-depth interview.
[b] A patient satisfaction questionnaire.
[c] A focus group.
[d] Direct observation.
The measure of central tendency that represents the most frequently occurring value in a dataset is the:
[a] Mean.
[b] Median.
[c] Mode.
[d] Range.
A nurse is reviewing a study about patient falls. The ages of patients who fell were: 65, 72, 75, 80, 98. Which measure of central tendency would be most affected by the 98-year-old patient?
[a] Mean.
[b] Median.
[c] Mode.
[d] Range.
Which type of graph is best for showing the percentage of a hospital budget allocated to different departments (e.g., Nursing, Pharmacy, Administration)?
[a] Histogram.
[b] Bar chart.
[c] Pie chart.
[d] Line graph.
The process of organizing raw data into a table that shows the number of times each value occurs is called:
[a] Interpretation.
[b] Tabulation (creating a frequency distribution).
[c] Calculation of the mean.
[d] Data presentation.
A question on a survey asks patients to rate their pain on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). This is an example of a:
[a] Open-ended question.
[b] Closed-ended question.
[c] Checklist.
[d] Interview question.
The main purpose of descriptive statistics is to:
[a] Prove that an intervention was effective.
[b] Predict future outcomes for a patient.
[c] Test a complex hypothesis.
[d] Summarize and describe the main features of a dataset.
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a dataset is known as the:
[a] Mean.
[b] Standard deviation.
[c] Range.
[d] Median.
A nurse uses a pulse oximeter to gather data on a patient's oxygen saturation levels. This is an example of which data collection method?
[a] Observation.
[b] Physiological measurement.
[c] Interview.
[d] Questionnaire.
Which data collection method allows for in-depth exploration of a patient's feelings and experiences in their own words?
[a] A Likert scale survey.
[b] A checklist.
[c] An unstructured interview.
[d] A physiological measurement.
A bar chart is most appropriate for displaying which type of data?
[a] Continuous data, like patient height.
[b] Data that represents parts of a whole.
[c] Categorical data, like the number of patients in different hospital wards.
[d] Data that changes over time.
A small standard deviation for a set of patient weights indicates that:
[a] The average weight is very low.
[b] Most of the weights are clustered closely around the average weight.
[c] The weights are widely spread out.
[d] There was an error in the data collection.
A Likert scale is a data collection instrument specifically designed to measure:
[a] Factual knowledge.
[b] Physiological data.
[c] Attitudes or opinions (e.g., level of agreement).
[d] Demographic information like age and gender.
What is the median of the following set of patient pain scores: [3, 4, 5, 7, 10]?
[a] 3.
[b] 10.
[c] 5.8.
[d] 5.
The process of grouping data based on shared characteristics (e.g., grouping patients by diagnosis) is called:
[a] Interpretation.
[c] Classification.
[b] Summarization.
[d] Presentation.
An advantage of using a structured interview over an unstructured one is that it:
[a] Allows for greater flexibility in questioning.
[b] Is better for exploring sensitive topics in depth.
[c] Ensures consistency and makes the data easier to compare and analyze.
[d] Requires less skill from the interviewer.
A histogram is used to display the distribution of which type of data?
[a] Nominal data (e.g., types of medication).
[b] Continuous data (e.g., patient ages).
[c] Percentages that add up to 100%.
[d] The relationship between two different variables.
The term "data interpretation" refers to the step where the nurse:
[a] Enters the raw numbers into a computer.
[b] Creates a graph or chart.
[c] Explains what the findings and summary statistics mean.
[d] Collects the information from the patient.
A nurse uses a checklist to ensure all pre-operative safety steps have been completed for a patient. As a data collection instrument, the primary advantage of a checklist is its:
[a] Ability to capture detailed opinions.
[b] Flexibility.
[c] Simplicity and ability to ensure standardization.
[d] Usefulness in measuring attitudes.
What is the arithmetic average of a set of numbers called?
[a] The mode.
[b] The median.
[c] The mean.
[d] The range.
A nurse wants to show the trend of a patient's daily weight over a two-week period. Which type of graph would be most effective?
[a] Pie chart.
[b] Bar chart.
[c] Line graph.
[d] Scatter plot.
A major disadvantage of using questionnaires for data collection is the:
[a] High cost and time required for administration.
[b] Potential for a low response rate and misunderstanding of questions.
[c] Difficulty in analyzing the numerical data.
[d] Inability to collect data from a large number of people.
The "summarization" step of data analysis involves:
[a] Collecting the data from charts.
[b] Creating a detailed list of every single data point.
[c] Deciding which research question to ask.
[d] Calculating measures like the mean, median, and mode.
If a nurse is presenting data in a table, the primary advantage over a graph is that the table:
[a] Is more visually appealing.
[b] Is better for showing trends.
[c] Shows the exact numerical values.
[d] Is easier to understand for people with low health literacy.
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