Digestive System | Mock Test | Staff Nurse | Guides Academy

Digestive System - Structure and function of alimentary tract

The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste from the body. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus, along with accessory organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Digestion begins in the mouth and continues through various mechanical and chemical processes, converting food into energy and essential nutrients. The absorbed nutrients are transported into the bloodstream, while indigestible waste is excreted. A healthy digestive system is vital for overall well-being and proper body function.

Time: 15:00

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

[a] To exchange gases with the environment

[b] To transport hormones throughout the body

[c] To break down food into absorbable nutrients

[d] To filter waste from the blood to produce urine

Which of the following lists the organs of the alimentary canal in the correct order?

[a] Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine

[b] Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

[c] Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

[d] Pharynx, Stomach, Esophagus, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

The chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth with the action of which enzyme?

[a] Pepsin

[b] Lipase

[c] Salivary Amylase

[d] Trypsin

What is the primary function of the esophagus?

[a] To absorb nutrients from food

[b] To transport food from the pharynx to the stomach via peristalsis

[c] To begin the chemical digestion of proteins

[d] To secrete bile

The soupy, acidic mixture of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called:

[a] A bolus

[b] Bile

[c] Feces

[d] Chyme

What is the name of the flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing?

[a] Uvula

[b] Epiglottis

[c] Pyloric sphincter

[d] Soft palate

The stomach secretes which of the following to kill bacteria and activate pepsin?

[a] Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

[b] Sodium bicarbonate

[c] Bile

[d] Amylase

The digestion of which macromolecule begins in the stomach?

[a] Carbohydrates

[b] Lipids (Fats)

[c] Proteins

[d] Nucleic acids

The muscular valve that controls the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is the:

[a] Esophageal sphincter

[b] Pyloric sphincter

[c] Ileocecal valve

[d] Anal sphincter

Where does the majority of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption take place?

[a] Stomach

[b] Large intestine

[c] Small intestine

[d] Esophagus

The finger-like projections lining the small intestine, which dramatically increase its surface area for absorption, are called:

[a] Rugae

[b] Haustra

[c] Cilia

[d] Villi

Which organ produces bile, a substance essential for the emulsification of fats?

[a] Pancreas

[b] Stomach

[c] Liver

[d] Gallbladder

What is the function of bile in digestion?

[a] It digests proteins into amino acids.

[b] It breaks down large fat globules into smaller droplets.

[c] It neutralizes stomach acid.

[d] It digests carbohydrates into simple sugars.

The pancreas contributes to digestion by secreting:

[a] Hydrochloric acid

[b] Bile and mucus

[c] Digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate

[d] Gastrin

What is the first section of the small intestine, which receives chyme from the stomach and secretions from the pancreas and liver?

[a] Duodenum

[b] Jejunum

[c] Ileum

[d] Cecum

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

[a] To complete the digestion of proteins

[b] To absorb water and electrolytes from undigested food

[c] To secrete digestive enzymes for fats

[d] To absorb the majority of nutrients

The wave-like muscular contractions that propel food through the alimentary canal are called:

[a] Mastication

[b] Segmentation

[c] Peristalsis

[d] Defecation

Which of the following is NOT a part of the small intestine?

[a] Duodenum

[b] Ileum

[c] Jejunum

[d] Cecum

The large folds in the wall of the stomach that allow it to expand are known as:

[a] Villi

[b] Rugae

[c] Plicae circulares

[d] Haustra

Bacteria in the large intestine are important for:

[a] Digesting proteins

[b] Producing stomach acid

[c] Synthesizing vitamins K and some B vitamins

[d] Absorbing fats

Which organ stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver?

[a] Spleen

[b] Pancreas

[c] Appendix

[d] Gallbladder

The final section of the large intestine, which stores feces before elimination, is the:

[a] Sigmoid colon

[b] Rectum

[c] Cecum

[d] Ascending colon

The physical process of chewing food in the mouth is called:

[a] Deglutition

[b] Peristalsis

[c] Mastication

[d] Emulsification

The structure that regulates the flow of material from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine is the:

[a] Pyloric sphincter

[b] Anal sphincter

[c] Sphincter of Oddi

[d] Ileocecal valve

The end products of protein digestion that are absorbed into the bloodstream are:

[a] Fatty acids

[b] Monosaccharides

[c] Amino acids

[d] Glycerol