Management of patients with ear,nose and throat disorders, cardiovascular, circulatory and haematological disorders and communicable diseases.
Time: 15:00
A nurse is providing first aid to a person with epistaxis (nosebleed). What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?
[a] Have the person lie down flat with their head tilted back.
[b] Pack the nostril tightly with cotton gauze.
[c] Have the person sit upright, lean forward, and pinch the soft part of the nose.
[d] Apply a warm compress to the bridge of the nose.
A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse knows that the most sensitive and specific cardiac marker for MI is:
[a] Creatine Kinase (CK-MB).
[b] Myoglobin.
[c] Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH).
[d] Troponin I.
A patient is diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). What type of isolation precautions should the nurse implement?
[a] Contact Precautions.
[b] Droplet Precautions.
[c] Airborne Precautions.
[d] Standard Precautions only.
A child who has undergone a tonsillectomy is frequently swallowing while sleeping. What should this finding indicate to the nurse?
[a] The child is experiencing a sore throat.
[b] The child is having a bad dream.
[c] The child may be bleeding from the surgical site.
[d] This is a normal sign of recovery.
A patient with left-sided heart failure is likely to present with which hallmark clinical manifestation?
[a] Jugular vein distention and peripheral edema.
[b] Ascites and hepatomegaly.
[c] Dyspnea, orthopnea, and crackles in the lungs.
[d] Weight gain and anorexia.
A nurse is educating a patient with iron deficiency anemia about diet. The nurse should emphasize that the absorption of iron is enhanced by the intake of:
[a] Calcium.
[b] Vitamin D.
[c] Vitamin C.
[d] Vitamin K.
The hallmark sign of Diphtheria, a serious communicable disease, is the presence of a:
[a] Vesicular rash on the trunk.
[b] Thick, gray, adherent pseudomembrane in the pharynx.
[c] Painful swelling of the parotid glands.
[d] Koplik's spots on the buccal mucosa.
A patient with Meniere's disease is experiencing a severe vertigo attack. What is the priority nursing diagnosis?
[a] Ineffective coping.
[b] Deficient fluid volume.
[c] Disturbed sensory perception.
[d] Risk for injury.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving warfarin therapy. The nurse should monitor which laboratory value to assess the therapeutic effect of the drug?
[a] Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT).
[b] International Normalized Ratio (INR).
[c] Platelet count.
[d] Hemoglobin level.
A key warning sign for severe Dengue fever that requires immediate medical attention is:
[a] A high-grade fever.
[b] A maculopapular rash.
[c] Headache and retro-orbital pain.
[d] Severe abdominal pain and persistent vomiting.
A patient who has had a total laryngectomy will require what permanent change?
[a] A nasogastric tube for feeding.
[b] The use of a hearing aid.
[c] A permanent tracheostomy (stoma).
[d] A chest tube drainage system.
A nurse is assessing a patient with a suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the right leg. Which clinical finding would be most consistent with this diagnosis?
[a] The right leg is cool and pale with a weak pulse.
[b] Bilateral pitting edema in both lower legs.
[c] Intermittent claudication in the right calf during exercise.
[d] Unilateral swelling, warmth, and redness of the right leg.
Which communicable disease, caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus, presents with a characteristic vesicular rash that appears in successive crops?
[a] Measles (Rubeola).
[b] Chickenpox.
[c] Rubella (German Measles).
[d] Mumps.
A patient is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. The nurse understands that this condition is caused by a deficiency of:
[a] Iron.
[b] Folic acid.
[c] Vitamin C.
[d] Intrinsic factor for Vitamin B12 absorption.
Which nursing intervention is crucial when suctioning a patient with a tracheostomy tube?
[a] Applying continuous suction while inserting the catheter.
[b] Suctioning the patient for at least 30 seconds at a time.
[c] Hyper-oxygenating the patient before and after the procedure.
[d] Using clean technique instead of sterile technique.
A patient with angina pectoris is prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin. What is a key instruction the nurse should provide?
[a] "Swallow the tablet with a full glass of water."
[b] "Take one tablet every 15 minutes until the chest pain is gone."
[c] "This medication may cause your blood pressure to increase."
[d] "Place one tablet under your tongue at the onset of chest pain."
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) primarily targets and destroys which type of immune cells, leading to immunodeficiency?
[a] B-lymphocytes.
[b] CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes.
[c] Neutrophils.
[d] Natural Killer (NK) cells.
A patient is scheduled for a mastoidectomy. The nurse should explain to the patient that a common postoperative complication to be aware of is:
[a] Loss of the sense of smell.
[b] Severe sore throat.
[c] Double vision.
[d] Facial nerve paralysis and hearing loss.
Which intervention is a priority in the management of a patient with Hemophilia A who is experiencing acute hemarthrosis (bleeding into a joint)?
[a] Applying a warm compress to the affected joint.
[b] Encouraging active range-of-motion exercises.
[c] Administering an infusion of Factor VIII concentrate.
[d] Administering aspirin for pain relief.
The classic triad of symptoms for malaria includes:
[a] Rash, fever, and arthritis.
[b] High fever, shaking chills, and profuse sweating.
[c] Cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis.
[d] Abdominal pain, jaundice, and vomiting.
A nurse is providing health education to a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension. The most appropriate initial lifestyle modification to recommend is:
[a] Beginning a vigorous weight-lifting program.
[b] Complete elimination of all carbohydrates from the diet.
[c] Reducing dietary sodium intake and engaging in regular aerobic exercise.
[d] Increasing caffeine intake to boost metabolism.
Which common ENT disorder in children involves an infection of the middle ear and is often preceded by an upper respiratory infection?
[a] Otitis Media.
[b] Otitis Externa.
[c] Laryngitis.
[d] Sinusitis.
A nurse is preparing a health education session on Hepatitis B. The nurse should emphasize that the primary mode of transmission is through:
[a] The fecal-oral route.
[b] Inhalation of respiratory droplets.
[c] Contact with infected blood and body fluids.
[d] Contaminated food and water.
A patient with varicose veins is advised to wear compression stockings. The nurse should instruct the patient to apply the stockings:
[a] At bedtime and remove them in the morning.
[b] After ambulating for at least 30 minutes.
[c] Only when the legs begin to feel painful or heavy.
[d] In the morning before getting out of bed.
Koplik's spots, small white spots on the buccal mucosa, are a pathognomonic (characteristic) sign of which communicable disease?
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