Biomedical waste management-importance, types, hazards, decontamination of hospital waste, segregation and transportation and disposal.
What is the most important reason for the strict management of biomedical waste in a healthcare setting?
[a] To reduce the hospital's operational costs.
[b] To make the hospital environment look clean and tidy.
[c] To prevent the spread of infections to healthcare workers, patients, and the community.
[d] To comply with housekeeping department protocols.
According to standard biomedical waste segregation guidelines, a blood-soaked cotton dressing should be disposed of in which color-coded bag?
[a] Red
[b] Black
[c] Yellow
[d] Blue
Used plastic IV tubing, syringes (without the needle), and catheters should be placed in which color-coded container?
[a] Red
[b] Yellow
[c] White (Translucent)
[d] Black
What is the most common occupational hazard for healthcare workers associated with improper biomedical waste handling?
[a] Exposure to chemical fumes.
[b] Musculoskeletal injuries from lifting heavy waste bags.
[c] Allergic reactions to latex gloves.
[d] Needle-stick injuries leading to bloodborne infections.
A used needle (sharp) should be discarded immediately into which type of container?
[a] A red biohazard bag.
[b] A yellow biohazard bag.
[c] A white/translucent, puncture-proof container.
[d] A blue cardboard box.
What is the primary principle of biomedical waste management that must be followed to ensure its effectiveness?
[a] Waste should be stored for at least 48 hours before disposal.
[b] All waste should be incinerated together.
[c] Waste must be segregated at the point of generation.
[d] Only nurses are responsible for waste management.
Discarded and broken glass ampoules and medication vials should be disposed of in which color-coded container?
[a] Yellow
[b] Red
[c] Blue
[d] Black
What is the most common method used for the decontamination of infectious plastic waste (from red bags) before it is shredded?
[a] Incineration
[b] Autoclaving
[c] Deep burial
[d] Chemical disinfection
Human anatomical waste, such as an amputated limb or a placenta, falls under which category and color code?
[a] Sharps waste - White
[b] Recyclable waste - Red
[c] General waste - Black
[d] Soiled/Anatomical waste - Yellow
The final disposal method recommended for human anatomical waste and soiled infectious waste (yellow bags) is typically:
[a] Autoclaving and recycling.
[b] Microwaving and sending to a landfill.
[c] Incineration or deep burial.
[d] Chemical treatment and discharge into a sewer.
What type of waste should be placed in the black-colored bin in a hospital setting?
[a] Used patient gowns.
[b] Discarded syringes.
[c] General waste like paper, food scraps, and packaging.
[d] Soiled dressings.
The release of toxic gases like dioxins and furans is a significant environmental hazard associated with which waste disposal method?
[a] Autoclaving
[b] Microwaving
[c] Incineration
[d] Deep burial
What does the universal biohazard symbol, which must be displayed on waste containers and transport vehicles, look like?
[a] A skull and crossbones.
[b] Three interlocking circles over a central circle.
[c] A red cross symbol.
[d] A yellow triangle with an exclamation mark.
Expired or discarded cytotoxic drugs used in cancer therapy are a type of hazardous waste that should be segregated into:
[a] A red bag.
[b] A black bag.
[c] A blue box.
[d] A yellow bag, often with a "C" symbol.
The process of using high-pressure saturated steam to sterilize infectious waste is known as:
[a] Incineration
[b] Irradiation
[c] Autoclaving
[d] Neutralization
After disinfection, what is the primary reason for mutilating or shredding plastic waste and sharps?
[a] To make the waste smaller for easier transport.
[b] To prevent their fraudulent and unsafe reuse.
[c] To prepare the plastic for incineration.
[d] To make it easier to count the items.
Which of the following is a key requirement for the transportation of biomedical waste from a hospital to a treatment facility?
[a] It can be transported in any truck as long as it is covered.
[b] Transportation should only occur at night.
[c] The vehicle must be dedicated, labeled, and leak-proof.
[d] The driver must be a certified healthcare professional.
A nurse uses a syringe to administer an injection. How should the components be disposed of?
[a] The entire syringe with the needle attached goes in the red bag.
[b] The entire syringe with the needle attached goes in the sharps container.
[c] The needle goes in the sharps container; the plastic syringe barrel goes in the red bag.
[d] The needle goes in the sharps container; the plastic syringe barrel goes in the black bag.
Improper disposal of biomedical waste poses a significant threat to the environment by potentially contaminating:
[a] Only the air quality within the hospital.
[b] Only the soil directly under the hospital.
[c] Only the hospital's water supply.
[d] Soil, groundwater, surface water, and air.
Which category of waste is generated from the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) like used masks and gloves?
[a] General waste (Black bag)
[b] Soiled/Infectious waste (Yellow bag)
[c] Recyclable waste (Red bag)
[d] Glassware waste (Blue box)
What is the purpose of a Hub Cutter or Needle Destroyer at the point of care?
[a] To sterilize the needle for reuse.
[b] To separate the needle from the syringe for billing purposes.
[c] To safely destroy the needle and cut the hub, reducing the risk of injury and reuse.
[d] To sharpen the needle before use.
Liquid biomedical waste, such as blood or body fluids, should be decontaminated before disposal by:
[a] Pouring it directly into the regular sink.
[b] Soaking it up with paper towels and placing it in a black bag.
[c] Treating it with a chemical disinfectant (like sodium hypochlorite) before discharging into a secure drain.
[d] Allowing it to evaporate in an open container.
After filling a sharps container, what is the correct next step?
[a] Empty the contents into a red bag to save space.
[b] Continue to use it until it is completely full to the top.
[c] Permanently lock the lid when it is three-quarters full and place it in the designated holding area.
[d] Open the lid to ensure all sharps are settled at the bottom.
Which of the following is NOT considered biomedical waste?
[a] A scalpel blade used in surgery.
[b] A culture plate from the microbiology lab.
[c] Cardboard packaging from a new box of gloves.
[d] A gauze pad used to stop bleeding.
The "Cradle to Grave" approach in biomedical waste management refers to:
[a] The lifecycle of a patient from birth to death.
[b] The process of disinfecting a baby crib.
[c] A method for burying anatomical waste.
[d] The legal responsibility of the healthcare facility for the waste from its generation to its final disposal.
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