Meeting the basic needs of patient- Physical needs, hygienic needs, elimination needs, nutritional needs, psychological and spiritual needs. Diversional and recreational therapy,care of terminally ill and dying patient.
Time: 15:00
To best meet the physical need for rest in a hospitalized patient, which nursing intervention is most effective?
[a] Administering a sedative as the first course of action.
[b] Keeping the television on at a low volume for distraction.
[c] Clustering nursing tasks to minimize interruptions and controlling noise levels.
[d] Encouraging frequent visits from family and friends throughout the night.
When providing oral hygiene to an unconscious patient, what is the most critical safety precaution the nurse must take?
[a] Using a lemon-glycerin swab to moisten the lips.
[b] Positioning the patient on their side (lateral position) to prevent aspiration.
[c] Brushing the teeth and gums vigorously to remove all plaque.
[d] Using a large amount of water to ensure the mouth is clean.
A patient is having difficulty passing stool (constipation). Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to meet their elimination needs?
[a] Encouraging a low-fiber diet and bed rest.
[b] Limiting fluid intake to less than 1 liter per day.
[c] Encouraging increased fluid intake, a high-fiber diet, and ambulation.
[d] Administering a laxative without a physician's order.
A patient has difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). To meet their nutritional needs safely, the nurse should:
[a] Encourage the patient to drink thin liquids like water quickly.
[b] Provide thickened liquids and position the patient in a high-Fowler's position.
[c] Offer large bites of food to stimulate the swallowing reflex.
[d] Allow the patient to lie flat while eating for comfort.
A patient is anxious about an upcoming surgery. Which nursing response best addresses the patient's psychological needs?
[a] "Don't worry, everything will be just fine."
[b] "I was also scared when I had my surgery."
[c] "You shouldn't feel anxious; you have a great doctor."
[d] "It's normal to feel anxious. What are some of your specific concerns?"
What is the primary goal of palliative care for a terminally ill patient?
[a] To cure the patient's terminal illness.
[b] To prolong the patient's life at all costs.
[c] To manage symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life.
[d] To hasten the dying process to prevent suffering.
To best assess a patient's spiritual needs, the nurse should ask:
[a] "Do you go to church every Sunday?"
[b] "What is your religion?"
[c] "What gives you a sense of meaning or purpose in life?"
[d] "Do you believe in God?"
The purpose of diversional therapy for a long-term care resident is to:
[a] Ensure the resident is never left alone.
[b] Keep the resident busy so they do not bother the staff.
[c] Provide meaningful stimulation and reduce boredom and anxiety.
[d] Help the resident develop a new, marketable skill.
Which of the following is a common sign of impending death in a terminally ill patient?
[a] Increased appetite and thirst.
[b] A sudden spike in blood pressure and heart rate.
[c] Warm, flushed skin all over the body.
[d] Periods of apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
When providing perineal care for a female patient, the nurse should always cleanse:
[a] In a circular motion around the meatus.
[b] From the back (anal area) to the front (urethra).
[c] From the front (urethra) to the back (anal area).
[d] By douching with a mild antiseptic solution.
A terminally ill patient has an advance directive, such as a living will. This document primarily serves to:
[a] Designate who will inherit the patient's assets.
[b] Communicate the patient's wishes for end-of-life medical treatment.
[c] Give the physician full authority to make all decisions.
[d] Prevent the family from visiting the patient.
To maintain the dignity of a patient with urinary incontinence, the nurse's best action is to:
[a] Scold the patient for having an "accident."
[b] Restrict fluids to prevent further episodes.
[c] Refer to the incontinence briefs as "diapers."
[d] Perform meticulous skin care and change soiled linens promptly and discreetly.
A patient on bed rest is at risk for developing pressure ulcers. To meet their physical need for skin integrity, the most important nursing intervention is to:
[a] Apply lotion to the skin once per day.
[b] Keep the head of the bed elevated at 90 degrees at all times.
[c] Reposition the patient at least every two hours.
[d] Use a plastic-lined pad to protect the bed sheets.
A patient's family member is distressed and angry, stating, "Why isn't the doctor doing more to save her?" The nurse understands this is likely an expression of which stage of grief?
[a] Denial
[b] Bargaining
[c] Anger
[d] Acceptance
The purpose of providing a complete bed bath to an immobile patient goes beyond hygiene. It also provides an opportunity to:
[a] Complete the task as quickly as possible.
[b] Assess the patient's skin integrity, circulation, and range of motion.
[c] Teach the patient's family how to perform the bath.
[d] Ensure the patient does not develop a fever.
A dying patient is having difficulty breathing (dyspnea). An appropriate comfort measure to meet their physical needs is to:
[a] Place the patient in a flat, supine position.
[b] Elevate the head of the bed and use a fan to circulate air.
[c] Limit verbal communication to conserve energy.
[d] Administer a sedative to stop the sensation of breathlessness.
A patient refuses to eat the pork on their meal tray due to religious beliefs. The nurse's most appropriate action to meet their nutritional and spiritual needs is to:
[a] Explain the importance of protein and insist they eat the pork.
[b] Document the refusal and remove the tray.
[c] Apologize, remove the pork, and request a suitable alternative from the kitchen.
[d] Tell the patient they can eat the other items on the tray.
Which of the following is an appropriate recreational activity for an elderly patient with severe arthritis in their hands and limited mobility?
[a] Knitting or crocheting.
[b] A group game of volleyball.
[c] A jigsaw puzzle with very small pieces.
[d] Listening to music or an audiobook.
Post-mortem care is performed by the nurse to:
[a] Determine the official cause of death.
[b] Complete the legal requirements for a death certificate.
[c] Prepare the body with dignity and respect for family viewing.
[d] Ensure the hospital receives payment for services rendered.
A patient's urinary output is 15 mL/hour over a 4-hour period. This finding, known as oliguria, requires the nurse to:
[a] Document the finding and continue to monitor.
[b] Assess for signs of dehydration or obstruction and notify the provider.
[c] Encourage the patient to drink several glasses of water immediately.
[d] Irrigate the patient's indwelling catheter.
A terminally ill patient tells the nurse, "I don't want my family to know how much pain I'm in." To best address the patient's psychological need for autonomy, the nurse should:
[a] Immediately tell the family so they can provide better support.
[b] Respect the patient's confidentiality while continuing to provide pain management.
[c] Tell the patient they must be honest with their family.
[d] Ask the physician to speak with the family about the patient's pain.
The most reliable method for verifying placement of a newly inserted nasogastric tube for feeding is:
[a] Instilling air into the tube and listening for a "whoosh" sound over the stomach.
[b] Aspirating stomach contents and checking the pH.
[c] Asking the patient if they can feel the tube in their stomach.
[d] Obtaining an abdominal X-ray.
Providing care for a dying patient can be emotionally draining for the nurse. A healthy coping strategy for the nurse is to:
[a] Avoid becoming emotionally attached to any patients.
[b] Work extra shifts to stay busy and not think about it.
[c] Utilize debriefing sessions with colleagues and practice self-care activities.
[d] Keep all feelings private and maintain a strictly professional exterior.
An important hygienic need for all patients, but especially for those who are ill, is frequent oral care because it:
[a] Is the primary method for preventing the flu.
[b] Prevents discomfort, improves taste, and reduces the risk of respiratory infections.
[c] Is only necessary for patients who are conscious.
[d] Cures gingivitis and tooth decay.
A patient with an indwelling urinary catheter complains of lower abdominal pain. To meet this patient's physical and elimination needs, the nurse's first action should be to:
[a] Administer pain medication immediately.
[b] Check the catheter tubing for kinks and ensure urine is flowing freely into the bag.
[c] Reassure the patient that the pain is normal with a catheter.
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