Psycho pathophysiology of human behaviour, classification of mental disorder
Time: 15:00
What is the primary purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)?
[a] To prescribe specific psychotropic medications for mental illnesses.
[b] To explain the definitive cause of every mental disorder.
[c] To provide standardized diagnostic criteria for mental disorders.
[d] To outline a universal plan for psychotherapy.
A decreased level of which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with the pathophysiology of depression?
[a] Dopamine.
[b] Serotonin.
[c] Acetylcholine.
[d] Glutamate.
The biopsychosocial model of mental illness suggests that psychopathology is caused by:
[a] Primarily genetic and hereditary factors.
[b] Maladaptive learning and cognitive distortions alone.
[c] A complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.
[d] Dysfunctional family dynamics and early childhood trauma exclusively.
A client believes that the news anchor on television is sending them secret messages. This is an example of what type of thought disturbance?
[a] Auditory hallucination.
[b] Thought insertion.
[c] Delusion of reference.
[d] Loose association.
Which international classification system, published by the World Health Organization (WHO), is used globally for health statistics and includes a chapter on mental and behavioral disorders?
[a] The American Psychiatric Association (APA) Handbook.
[b] The Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC).
[c] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM).
[d] The International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
The dopamine hypothesis is most closely associated with the pathophysiology of which mental disorder?
[a] Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
[b] Schizophrenia.
[c] Major Depressive Disorder.
[d] Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
In DSM-5, disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder are categorized as:
[a] Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders.
[b] Anxiety Disorders.
[c] Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
[d] Personality Disorders.
A "negative" symptom of schizophrenia refers to:
[a] The presence of hostile or aggressive behavior.
[b] The presence of delusions and hallucinations.
[c] A poor prognosis for recovery.
[d] A deficit of normal emotional responses, such as flat affect or avolition.
Which brain structure, part of the limbic system, is critically involved in processing fear, anxiety, and other emotions?
[a] The cerebellum.
[b] The amygdala.
[c] The occipital lobe.
[d] The basal ganglia.
A major change introduced in DSM-5 from its predecessor (DSM-IV-TR) was the:
[a] Introduction of new medications for each disorder.
[b] Elimination of the multiaxial assessment system.
[c] Removal of all childhood disorders.
[d] Merging of the DSM with the ICD into a single book.
A false sensory perception experienced in the absence of an external stimulus is known as a(n):
[a] Delusion.
[b] Illusion.
[c] Hallucination.
[d] Idea of reference.
The diathesis-stress model proposes that mental illness develops from:
[a] A specific, severe traumatic event alone.
[b] A purely neurochemical imbalance.
[c] A pre-existing vulnerability combined with a stressful life event.
[d] Maladaptive cognitive patterns learned in adulthood.
Dysregulation of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is strongly implicated in which group of disorders?
[a] Psychotic Disorders.
[b] Depressive Disorders.
[c] Anxiety Disorders.
[d] Neurocognitive Disorders.
In the DSM-5, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was moved from Anxiety Disorders to a new category called:
[a] Dissociative Disorders.
[b] Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders.
[c] Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders.
[d] Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders.
A rapid shift in speech from one topic to another, with only a slight connection between topics, is a thought process disturbance known as:
[a] Circumstantiality.
[b] Tangentiality.
[c] Flight of ideas.
[d] Word salad.
According to cognitive theory, psychopathology is primarily caused by:
[a] Unresolved unconscious conflicts.
[b] A lack of social support.
[c] Distorted thinking and negative cognitive schemas.
[d] Genetic predispositions.
Which part of the brain is responsible for "executive functions" like planning, problem-solving, and impulse control?
[a] The hippocampus.
[b] The prefrontal cortex.
[c] The brainstem.
[d] The parietal lobe.
The DSM-5 classifies Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, and Cyclothymic Disorder under the category of:
[a] Depressive Disorders.
[b] Personality Disorders.
[c] Bipolar and Related Disorders.
[d] Anxiety Disorders.
High concordance rates for a mental disorder among identical (monozygotic) twins strongly suggest:
[a] The disorder is caused by parenting style.
[b] A significant genetic influence on the disorder.
[c] The disorder is a result of environmental factors.
[d] The diagnostic criteria are too broad.
Which of the following would be considered a "positive" symptom of schizophrenia?
[a] Anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure).
[b] Alogia (poverty of speech).
[c] Avolition (lack of motivation).
[d] Disorganized speech.
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are found in which classification chapter of the DSM-5?
[a] Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders.
[b] Anxiety Disorders.
[c] Feeding and Eating Disorders.
[d] Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders.
A deficiency in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is a key feature in the pathophysiology of:
[a] Parkinson's Disease.
[b] Schizophrenia.
[c] Alzheimer's Disease.
[d] Bipolar Disorder.
The inclusion of severity ratings (e.g., mild, moderate, severe) for many disorders in DSM-5 reflects a move toward a more:
[a] Categorical approach.
[b] Dimensional approach.
[c] Psychoanalytic approach.
[d] Behavioral approach.
According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, psychopathology results from:
[a] Imbalances in brain chemistry.
[b] Learned maladaptive behaviors.
[c] Unresolved unconscious conflicts, often from childhood.
[d] The influence of societal norms and culture.
Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder are classified under which category in DSM-5?
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