History and trend of psychiatric nursing, National mental health programme.
Time: 15:00
In which year was the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) launched by the Government of India?
[a] 1947.
[b] 1996.
[c] 1982.
[d] 2017.
Who is renowned as the "mother of psychiatric nursing" for developing the interpersonal relations theory?
[a] Florence Nightingale.
[b] Hildegard Peplau.
[c] Linda Richards.
[d] Dorothea Dix.
The large-scale movement to shift care from large state-run psychiatric hospitals to community-based services is known as:
[a] Institutionalization.
[b] The Moral Treatment Movement.
[c] Deinstitutionalization.
[d] Milieu Therapy.
The primary implementation arm of the National Mental Health Programme at the community level is the:
[a] National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS).
[b] State Mental Health Authority (SMHA).
[c] District Mental Health Programme (DMHP).
[d] Central Mental Health Authority (CMHA).
The introduction of which medication in the 1950s was a major breakthrough that significantly changed psychiatric treatment?
[a] Penicillin.
[b] Aspirin.
[c] Chlorpromazine (Thorazine).
[d] Lithium.
India's Mental Healthcare Act of 2017 replaced which previous legislation?
[a] The Indian Lunacy Act, 1912.
[b] The Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995.
[c] The Mental Health Act, 1987.
[d] There was no previous comprehensive mental health law.
Linda Richards is historically significant as she was the first:
[a] Advocate for deinstitutionalization.
[b] American psychiatric nurse.
[c] Nurse to develop a theory of psychiatric care.
[d] Superintendent of a large asylum.
A key feature of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, is the decriminalization of:
[a] Substance use.
[b] Attempted suicide.
[c] Public expression of delusions.
[d] Non-adherence to medication.
Dorothea Dix was a 19th-century activist who tirelessly advocated for:
[a] The development of psychoanalytic therapy.
[b] Closing all mental institutions.
[c] Humane treatment and the establishment of state hospitals for the mentally ill.
[d] The use of electroconvulsive therapy.
Which of the following is a primary objective of India's National Mental Health Programme?
[a] To exclusively fund private psychiatric hospitals.
[b] To ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare for all.
[c] To mandate long-term institutionalization for all severe mental illnesses.
[d] To focus mental health services only in major metropolitan cities.
The modern "Recovery Model" in mental health emphasizes:
[a] A complete cure and eradication of all symptoms.
[b] The primary importance of medication over therapy.
[c] A person-centered journey of living a hopeful and meaningful life, despite the challenges of mental illness.
[d] A standardized treatment plan that is the same for every individual with the same diagnosis.
An "Advance Directive" under the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, allows an individual to:
[a] Refuse to pay for mental health services.
[b] Specify how they wish to be cared for or not cared for if they develop a mental illness in the future.
[c] Appoint a nurse as their legal guardian.
[d] Demand a specific brand of medication.
The period in history where mental illness was often attributed to demonic possession or witchcraft is known as the:
[a] Era of Enlightenment.
[b] Pre-Enlightenment period / Middle Ages.
[c] Community Mental Health Era.
[d] Psychoanalytic Era.
A major goal of integrating mental health services into general healthcare under the NMHP is to:
[a] Increase the number of specialized psychiatric hospitals.
[b] Make mental health care more expensive.
[c] Reduce stigma and improve early detection and access to care.
[d] Limit the role of psychiatrists.
A current trend in psychiatric nursing that involves recognizing the pervasive impact of trauma and avoiding re-traumatization is called:
[a] Trauma-Informed Care.
[b] Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
[c] Custodial Care.
[d] Pharmacological Management.
The District Mental Health Programme (DMHP), launched in 1996, aims to provide:
[a] Only tertiary care for complex psychiatric disorders.
[b] Research facilities for mental health.
[c] A basic package of mental health services at the district level.
[d] Legal aid for persons with mental illness.
The central focus of Hildegard Peplau's interpersonal relations theory is the:
[a] Client's family dynamics.
[b] Physical environment of the hospital.
[c] Therapeutic nurse-client relationship.
[d] Neurobiological basis of mental illness.
The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, established which bodies to protect the rights of persons with mental illness and review cases?
[a] Community Health Committees.
[b] Hospital Ethics Boards.
[c] Mental Health Review Boards (MHRB).
[d] National Medical Councils.
The historical "Moral Treatment" movement, led by figures like Philippe Pinel, advocated for:
[a] The use of physical restraints and chains.
[b] Treating mental illness purely with medicine.
[c] Kindness, respect, and a humane environment for patients.
[d] Isolating patients from all social contact.
A key strategy of the National Mental Health Programme is to train which group of health workers to identify and refer cases from the community?
[a] Neurosurgeons.
[b] Hospital administrators.
[c] Specialist psychiatric nurses only.
[d] Primary health care staff, including ASHA workers.
The use of technology such as video conferencing for psychiatric consultations and therapy is a growing trend known as:
[a] Electronic Health Records (EHR).
[b] Telepsychiatry / Telemental Health.
[c] Digital Prescribing.
[d] Robotic Process Automation.
The evolution of the psychiatric nurse's role has been a shift from a primarily _______ role to a therapeutic one.
[a] Diagnostic.
[b] Managerial.
[c] Custodial.
[d] Surgical.
Under the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, every person is presumed to have the capacity to make their own treatment decisions, which upholds the principle of:
[a] Paternalism.
[b] Autonomy.
[c] Beneficence.
[d] Non-maleficence.
Which historical event in the USA provided federal funding for the creation of community mental health centers, greatly influencing the deinstitutionalization movement?
[a] The National Mental Health Act of 1946.
[b] The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963.
[c] The Social Security Act of 1935.
[d] The Affordable Care Act of 2010.
Promoting community participation is a key objective of the NMHP primarily to:
[a] Secure funding from local communities.
[b] Recruit volunteers to run clinics.
[c] Ensure compliance with international law.
[d] Reduce stigma and increase the social acceptance of mental illness.
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