Heightened emotional reactivity and mood swings during puberty are largely attributed to:
[a] A decrease in cognitive ability.
[b] Hormonal fluctuations and rapid neurological changes in the limbic system.
[c] Increased conflict with parents.
[d] Poor diet and lack of sleep.
A 15-year-old boy presents with concerns about bilateral breast enlargement. The nurse recognizes this common, usually transient, condition as:
[a] Precocious puberty.
[b] Adrenarche.
[c] Pubertal gynecomastia.
[d] A pituitary tumor.
In males, which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair and a deepened voice?
[a] Estrogen.
[b] Progesterone.
[c] Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
[d] Testosterone.
The pubertal growth spurt in females typically occurs:
[a] At the same time as in males.
[b] After menarche.
[c] At the very end of puberty.
[d] Earlier than in males, usually before menarche.
The absence of any signs of puberty in a 13-year-old female or a 14-year-old male would warrant an evaluation for:
[a] Precocious puberty.
[b] Delayed puberty.
[c] Normal development.
[d] Turner Syndrome only.
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, adolescents in puberty begin to develop the ability for abstract thought, which is characteristic of the:
[a] Sensorimotor stage.
[b] Preoperational stage.
[c] Concrete operational stage.
[d] Formal operational stage.
The development of pubic and axillary hair, known as pubarche, is primarily stimulated by androgens from the:
[a] Pituitary gland.
[b] Ovaries or testes.
[c] Adrenal glands.
[d] Thyroid gland.
Intense self-consciousness and a belief that everyone is watching them ("imaginary audience") are common psychological phenomena during:
[a] Early childhood.
[b] Early to mid-adolescence.
[c] Late adolescence.
[d] Adulthood.
Primary dysmenorrhea, which is common in adolescents after menarche, is caused by:
[a] An underlying pelvic pathology like endometriosis.
[b] A hormonal imbalance of estrogen.
[c] Retrograde menstruation.
[d] An excess of prostaglandins causing uterine contractions.
In females, which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of the breasts and maturation of the uterus?
[a] Testosterone.
[b] Prolactin.
[c] Estrogen.
[d] Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
The term for the first ejaculation of seminal fluid in males, which often occurs during sleep, is:
[a] Gonadarche.
[b] Spermarche.
[c] Adrenarche.
[d] Menarche.
Which two hormones released from the anterior pituitary gland directly stimulate the gonads (ovaries and testes)?
[a] GnRH and Testosterone.
[b] FSH and LH.
[c] Estrogen and Progesterone.
[d] Adrenaline and Cortisol.
A key role of the nurse when interacting with an adolescent concerned about their changing body is to:
[a] Tell them not to worry about it.
[b] Compare their development to that of their peers.
[c] Provide reassurance and accurate information about the wide range of normal development.
[d] Suggest cosmetic surgery if they are unhappy with their appearance.
Which factor is a common cause of delayed puberty?
[a] High body mass index (obesity).
[b] A diet high in protein.
[c] Excessive physical exercise and low body fat, as seen in elite athletes.
[d] A sedentary lifestyle.
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis functions on what type of physiological control system?
[a] A positive feedback loop.
[b] A negative feedback loop.
[c] A voluntary control system.
[d] An independent system with no feedback.
An increase in risk-taking behaviors during adolescence is psychologically linked to:
[a] A decrease in intelligence.
[b] The prefrontal cortex (responsible for judgment) developing more slowly than the limbic system (emotional center).
[c] A desire to please parents and other authority figures.
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