Classification of Foods | Normal Dietary Requirement | Balance Diet | Mock Test | Staff Nurse | Guides Academy

Classification of foods,Normal dietary requirement,balanced diet,diseases and disorders caused by the imbalance of nutrients.food intolerance- inborn errors of metabolism.


Time: 15:00
A nurse is educating a patient on the principles of a balanced diet. Which statement best defines a balanced diet?
[a] A diet consisting only of fruits and vegetables to maximize vitamin intake.
[b] A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet designed for rapid weight loss.
[c] Consuming all essential nutrients in the correct proportions to meet the body's needs for growth, maintenance, and energy.
[d] Eating three large meals a day without any snacking in between.
Which of the following food groups is primarily classified as an "energy-giving" food due to its high content of carbohydrates?
[a] Meat, poultry, and fish.
[b] Milk, yogurt, and cheese.
[c] Breads, cereals, and pasta.
[d] Leafy green vegetables.
A patient presents with bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and petechiae. The nurse suspects a deficiency in which essential nutrient?
[a] Vitamin D.
[b] Iron.
[c] Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid).
[d] Vitamin K.
A newborn is diagnosed with Phenylketonuria (PKU). The nurse's dietary counseling for the parents will primarily focus on restricting which nutrient?
[a] Lactose.
[b] Gluten.
[c] The amino acid Phenylalanine.
[d] Saturated fats.
A nurse is assessing a child from a low-income country who presents with a swollen abdomen (ascites), edema, and sparse, brittle hair, but does not appear severely underweight. These are classic signs of which nutritional disorder?
[a] Marasmus.
[b] Scurvy.
[c] Kwashiorkor.
[d] Rickets.
What is the primary physiological role of proteins in the human body?
[a] To serve as the main source of immediate energy.
[b] To insulate the body and protect organs.
[c] To build, maintain, and repair body tissues and form enzymes.
[d] To regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
A patient complains of bloating, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea after consuming milk or ice cream. The nurse recognizes these symptoms are characteristic of food intolerance, specifically due to a deficiency of which enzyme?
[a] Pepsin.
[b] Amylase.
[c] Lactase.
[d] Lipase.
When planning a diet for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia, the nurse should encourage the consumption of which food to enhance iron absorption?
[a] A glass of milk.
[b] A cup of black tea.
[c] A glass of orange juice.
[d] A piece of whole-grain toast.
A long-term, excessive intake of sodium is most closely associated with which of the following health conditions?
[a] Osteoporosis.
[b] Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
[c] Hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
[d] Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Which of the following best distinguishes a food allergy from a food intolerance?
[a] Food intolerance symptoms are always more severe than food allergy symptoms.
[b] Food allergies are more common in adults than in children.
[c] A food allergy involves an immune system reaction (IgE-mediated), while an intolerance is typically a digestive system issue.
[d] Food intolerance can be cured with medication, whereas food allergies cannot.
An elderly patient living in a nursing home with limited sun exposure is at high risk for a deficiency of which vitamin, essential for bone health?
[a] Vitamin A.
[b] Vitamin B12.
[c] Vitamin D.
[d] Vitamin E.
Proteins are classified as "complete" or "incomplete" based on what criterion?
[a] Their total caloric content per gram.
[b] Whether they are derived from animal or plant sources.
[c] The presence of all nine essential amino acids in adequate amounts.
[d] Their solubility in water.
A patient who follows a strict vegan diet is at highest risk for developing a deficiency of which vitamin, as it is found almost exclusively in animal products?
[a] Vitamin C.
[b] Folate (Folic Acid).
[c] Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin).
[d] Vitamin K.
A public health nurse is teaching a community class about goiter. The development of this condition is most often linked to a dietary deficiency of which mineral?
[a] Zinc.
[b] Calcium.
[c] Iodine.
[d] Fluoride.
In the context of food classification, fats and oils are essential macronutrients. What is a primary function of fats in the diet?
[a] To provide quick, short-term energy for high-intensity exercise.
[b] To act as the primary building blocks for muscle tissue.
[c] To aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and provide concentrated energy.
[d] To be the main component of enzymes and hormones.
A patient diagnosed with Celiac disease must follow a lifelong diet free of gluten. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid which of the following grains?
[a] Rice and corn.
[b] Quinoa and millet.
[c] Wheat, barley, and rye.
[d] Oats certified as gluten-free.
What is the primary reason for recommending an increased intake of dietary fiber?
[a] To increase the absorption of fats.
[b] To provide essential amino acids.
[c] To promote regular bowel movements and help manage blood glucose levels.
[d] To significantly increase the caloric density of the diet.
Night blindness and xerophthalmia (dry eyes) are early signs of a deficiency in which vitamin?
[b] Vitamin B1 (Thiamine).
[c] Vitamin C.
[a] Vitamin A (Retinol).
[d] Vitamin D.
A child presents with severe wasting of muscle and subcutaneous fat, giving them a "skin and bones" appearance. This form of protein-energy malnutrition, caused by a severe deficiency of all nutrients, is known as:
[a] Pellagra.
[b] Kwashiorkor.
[c] Marasmus.
[d] Beriberi.
A nurse is advising a patient on reading food labels to maintain a balanced diet. The "Percent Daily Value" (%DV) is based on a diet of how many calories per day?
[a] 1,500 calories.
[b] 1,800 calories.
[c] 2,000 calories.
[d] 2,500 calories.
Which of the following is an example of an inborn error of metabolism that affects carbohydrate metabolism and requires strict dietary control from birth to prevent cataracts, liver damage, and brain damage?
[a] Tay-Sachs disease.
[b] Cystic Fibrosis.
[c] Galactosemia.
[d] Sickle Cell Anemia.
The normal dietary requirement for which nutrient is significantly increased during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus?
[a] Calcium.
[b] Vitamin C.
[c] Folic Acid (Folate).
[d] Iron.
Pellagra, characterized by the "4 Ds" (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death), is caused by a severe deficiency of which B-vitamin?
[a] Thiamine (B1).
[b] Riboflavin (B2).
[c] Niacin (B3).
[d] Pyridoxine (B6).
Foods are often classified as "protective foods" because they are rich in vitamins and minerals. Which food group best fits this classification?
[a] Fats and oils.
[b] Sugars and sweets.
[c] Fruits and vegetables.
[d] Cereals and grains.
A major health consequence of a diet consistently high in saturated and trans fats is an increased risk of:
[a] Respiratory infections.
[b] Neurological disorders.
[c] Atherosclerosis and elevated LDL cholesterol.
[d] Chronic kidney disease.

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