Infection Control Methods | Nature and Type of Infection | Chain of Infection Transmission | Mock Test | Staff Nurse | Guides Academy

Infection control methods – nature and type of infection, chain of infection transmission

Time: 15:00

An infection that a patient acquires while receiving care in a hospital, which was not present on admission, is called a:

[a] Community-acquired infection.

[b] Latent infection.

[c] Healthcare-associated infection (HAI).

[d] Opportunistic infection.

In the chain of infection, what is the term for a person, animal, or environment where an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies?

[a] Infectious Agent

[b] Susceptible Host

[c] Reservoir

[d] Portal of Entry

Which of the following is an example of a "portal of exit" in the chain of infection?

[a] An open wound on a patient's leg.

[b] A mosquito that bites an infected person.

[c] A patient with a compromised immune system.

[d] A sneeze from a person with influenza.

A nurse touches a contaminated piece of medical equipment and then touches a patient without performing hand hygiene. This is an example of which mode of transmission?

[a] Direct contact

[b] Droplet transmission

[c] Indirect contact

[d] Airborne transmission

A patient develops an infection limited to a surgical wound site, with redness, swelling, and localized pain. This is best described as what type of infection?

[a] A systemic infection

[b] A local infection

[c] A chronic infection

[d] A latent infection

Which patient is considered the most susceptible host for an infection?

[a] A 35-year-old patient who has received all recommended vaccinations.

[b] A 25-year-old athlete admitted for a minor sports injury.

[c] A 75-year-old patient with diabetes who is receiving chemotherapy.

[d] A healthy, breastfed newborn infant.

The single most effective way to break the chain of infection is by:

[a] Placing all patients in private rooms.

[b] Wearing gloves for all patient contact.

[c] Administering antibiotics to every patient.

[d] Performing consistent and effective hand hygiene.

Special precautions, such as a negative-pressure room and an N95 respirator mask, are required for patients with illnesses transmitted via which route?

[a] Contact

[b] Droplet

[c] Airborne

[d] Vector-borne

In the chain of infection, an inanimate object such as a bed rail, blood pressure cuff, or a contaminated needle that can transmit a pathogen is known as a:

[a] Vector

[b] Reservoir

[c] Fomite

[d] Carrier

During which stage of infection are the signs and symptoms most severe and specific to the type of infection?

[a] Incubation period

[b] Prodromal stage

[c] Illness stage

[d] Convalescence

A patient with influenza is placed on droplet precautions. The nurse understands that the infectious droplets typically travel:

[a] Over 20 feet and remain in the air for hours.

[b] A short distance (approx. 3-6 feet) and do not remain suspended in the air.

[c] Only through direct contact with the patient's skin.

[d] On the feet of insects from one person to another.

Administering a vaccine to a person is an infection control method that primarily targets which link in the chain of infection?

[a] Infectious Agent

[b] Reservoir

[c] Mode of Transmission

[d] Susceptible Host

A patient develops a urinary tract infection after an indwelling urinary catheter was inserted. The catheter represents which link in the chain of infection for this patient?

[a] Portal of exit

[b] Portal of entry

[c] Reservoir

[d] Susceptible host

Which microorganism is not susceptible to antibiotics?

[a] *Staphylococcus aureus* (bacteria)

[b] *Streptococcus pyogenes* (bacteria)

[c] *Escherichia coli* (bacteria)

[d] Influenza (virus)

A person who carries a pathogen and can transmit it to others but does not show any signs or symptoms of the disease is called a:

[a] Fomite

[b] Vector

[c] Susceptible host

[d] Carrier

An outbreak of foodborne illness traced back to contaminated lettuce is an example of which mode of transmission?

[a] Direct contact

[b] Common vehicle

[c] Airborne

[d] Vector-borne

The body's initial, non-specific response to tissue injury or infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain, is the:

[a] Immune response.

[b] Inflammatory response.

[c] Antigen-antibody reaction.

[d] Phagocytic response.

Standard Precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases and are based on the principle that:

[a] Only patients with visible signs of infection are contagious.

[b] Most infections in the hospital are airborne.

[c] All blood, body fluids, secretions, and non-intact skin are potentially infectious.

[d] Hand hygiene is only necessary when hands are visibly soiled.

Which type of pathogen causes diseases such as athlete's foot and ringworm?

[a] Bacteria

[b] Viruses

[c] Protozoa

[d] Fungi

When caring for a patient with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff), the nurse must perform hand hygiene by:

[a] Using an alcohol-based hand rub only.

[b] Wiping hands with a disinfectant wipe.

[c] Washing thoroughly with soap and water.

[d] Wearing sterile gloves instead of performing hand hygiene.

The transmission of malaria through a mosquito bite is an example of what mode of transmission?

[a] Indirect contact

[b] Common vehicle

[c] Vector-borne

[d] Airborne

Ensuring that all urinary collection bags are kept below the level of the bladder is an infection control measure designed to prevent:

[a] Pathogens from exiting the collection bag.

[b] The patient from tripping on the bag.

[c] The upward migration of bacteria from the bag into the bladder.

[d] The catheter from becoming a reservoir.

Which link in the chain of infection is broken by promptly disposing of contaminated sharps in a puncture-resistant container?

[a] Susceptible host

[b] Mode of transmission

[c] Reservoir

[d] Portal of exit

A patient is recovering from an infection and their signs and symptoms are resolving. This patient is in which stage of infection?

[a] Illness stage

[b] Prodromal stage

[c] Incubation period

[d] Convalescence

The nurse provides a patient with their own designated stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to be used for the duration of their hospital stay. This action helps break the chain of infection primarily by:

[a] Making the host less susceptible.

[b] Eliminating the infectious agent.

[c] Preventing indirect contact transmission.

[d] Blocking the portal of exit.