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Role of Nurse in Medical and Surgical Emergencies | Scope and Practice of Emergency Nursing | Mock Test | Staff Nurse | Guides Academy
Role of nurse in medical and surgical emergencies – scope and practice of emergency nursing, principles of emergency care, triage, airway obstruction, hemorrhage, shock.
Time: 15:00
In a mass casualty incident, a nurse is performing triage using the START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) system. Which victim should be assigned a RED tag?
[a] A victim with minor lacerations who is walking around (walking wounded).
[b] A victim who is unresponsive, not breathing, and does not start breathing after opening the airway.
[c] A victim with a respiratory rate of 34 breaths/min and a capillary refill of 3 seconds.
[d] A victim with a closed fracture of the arm who is alert and has stable vital signs.
A patient is brought to the emergency department with a suspected cervical spine injury after a fall. Which maneuver should the nurse use to open the patient's airway?
[a] Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.
[b] Flexion of the neck.
[c] Abdominal thrusts.
[d] Jaw-thrust maneuver.
A patient has a deep laceration on their forearm with bright red, spurting blood. After applying direct pressure with a sterile dressing, the bleeding continues. What is the nurse's next priority action?
[a] Remove the saturated dressing and apply a new one.
[b] Immediately apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.
[c] Lower the arm below the level of the heart.
[d] Apply firm pressure to the brachial artery.
A patient presents to the ED after a bee sting and develops dyspnea, wheezing, and severe hypotension. The nurse recognizes these as signs of which type of shock?
[a] Cardiogenic shock.
[b] Septic shock.
[c] Anaphylactic shock.
[d] Neurogenic shock.
What is the primary purpose of triage in an emergency department?
[a] To diagnose the patient's condition accurately.
[b] To provide comprehensive treatment to every patient upon arrival.
[c] To sort and prioritize patients based on the acuity of their condition.
[d] To complete the patient's registration and insurance information.
A conscious adult is eating in the hospital cafeteria and suddenly begins coughing forcefully while clutching their throat. What is the most appropriate initial action by the nurse?
[d] Encourage the person to continue coughing forcefully.
A patient is brought to the ED after a motor vehicle accident. They are hypotensive, tachycardic, and have a rigid, distended abdomen. These findings are most suggestive of:
[a] A tension pneumothorax.
[b] Internal hemorrhage.
[c] A severe head injury.
[d] A spinal cord injury.
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient in the early stages of hypovolemic shock?
[a] Administering a vasopressor medication.
[b] Placing the patient in a high Fowler's position.
[c] Securing intravenous access and administering crystalloid fluids.
[d] Obtaining a 12-lead ECG.
In the ABCDE primary survey of a trauma patient, the 'C' stands for Circulation. What is the most critical assessment component of 'C'?
[a] Checking the patient's blood pressure.
[b] Assessing the patient's capillary refill time.
[c] Identifying and controlling major external hemorrhage.
[d] Palpating for a carotid pulse.
An adult who was choking becomes unresponsive. The nurse calls for help and then should immediately:
[a] Deliver two rescue breaths.
[b] Perform a blind finger sweep.
[c] Give five abdominal thrusts.
[d] Begin chest compressions.
A patient who has had a recent myocardial infarction develops hypotension, tachycardia, crackles in the lungs, and cool, clammy skin. These findings are most consistent with which type of shock?
[a] Hypovolemic shock.
[b] Cardiogenic shock.
[c] Septic shock.
[d] Anaphylactic shock.
Which principle of emergency care dictates that life-threatening conditions are treated before less critical ones?
[a] The principle of beneficence.
[b] The Good Samaritan law.
[c] The principle of triage.
[d] The principle of autonomy.
Stridor is a high-pitched, noisy respiration that is a sign of:
[a] Fluid in the lower airways.
[b] Bronchoconstriction.
[c] Upper airway obstruction.
[d] A normal respiratory sound in infants.
A patient presents with a high fever, hypotension despite fluid resuscitation, and an elevated white blood cell count. This clinical picture is most indicative of:
[a] Neurogenic shock.
[b] Anaphylactic shock.
[c] Cardiogenic shock.
[d] Septic shock.
According to the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage system, a patient who requires immediate life-saving intervention would be categorized as:
[a] ESI Level 1.
[b] ESI Level 2.
[c] ESI Level 3.
[d] ESI Level 5.
A patient is in hypovolemic shock due to hemorrhage. Which position is most appropriate for this patient?
[a] High Fowler's position.
[b] Prone position.
[c] Supine with legs elevated (modified Trendelenburg).
[d] Reverse Trendelenburg position.
Which is the most reliable early sign of compensated shock?
[a] Hypotension.
[b] Decreased level of consciousness.
[c] Bradypnea.
[d] Tachycardia.
A nurse is part of a team responding to an unresponsive patient. The secondary survey (or assessment) should only be initiated:
[a] After the patient's family has been notified.
[b] Once a definitive diagnosis has been made.
[c] After the primary survey is complete and life-threatening issues are managed.
[d] When the patient regains consciousness.
A patient with a high spinal cord injury presents with hypotension, bradycardia, and warm, dry skin. The nurse identifies this as which type of shock?
[a] Hypovolemic.
[b] Neurogenic.
[c] Anaphylactic.
[d] Septic.
Which statement best describes the scope of practice for an emergency nurse?
[a] It is limited to providing comfort care until a physician arrives.
[b] It focuses primarily on long-term management of chronic illnesses.
[c] It involves providing care to patients of all ages with a wide variety of illnesses and injuries.
[d] It involves rapid assessment, stabilization, and treatment of patients with acute, often life-threatening conditions.
A dressing over a wound is saturated with blood. What is the nurse's first action?
[a] Remove the saturated dressing and apply a clean one.
[b] Notify the physician immediately.
[c] Assess the patient's vital signs.
[d] Apply another dressing on top of the saturated one and reinforce pressure.
What is the primary medication administered in cases of severe anaphylactic shock?
[a] Diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
[b] Hydrocortisone.
[c] Epinephrine.
[d] Albuterol.
In a disaster triage situation, a victim who is alert, has multiple fractures, and is unable to walk would be categorized as:
[a] Red (Immediate).
[b] Yellow (Delayed).
[c] Green (Minor).
[d] Black (Expectant/Deceased).
Which of the following is NOT a component of the primary survey in emergency care?
[a] Airway.
[b] Breathing.
[c] Circulation.
[d] Family history.
Which type of shock is caused by a failure of the heart's pumping action?
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