Prevention, screening, early detection, warning signs of cancer.
Time: 15:00
A nurse is teaching a community health class about the warning signs of cancer using the "CAUTION" acronym. What does the "C" in CAUTION stand for?
[a] Chronic pain.
[b] Change in bowel or bladder habits.
[c] Cachexia or weight loss.
[d] Coughing up blood.
Which vaccination is a form of primary prevention that significantly reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer?
[a] Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine.
[b] Hepatitis B vaccine.
[c] Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.
[d] Influenza vaccine.
The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is the standard screening tool used for the early detection of which type of cancer?
[a] Ovarian cancer.
[b] Breast cancer.
[c] Uterine cancer.
[d] Cervical cancer.
A nurse is instructing a patient on how to perform a testicular self-examination (TSE). The nurse should emphasize that the most significant finding to report to a physician is:
[a] A feeling of warmth in the scrotum.
[b] A small, painless lump on the testis.
[c] A soft, freely movable mass.
[d] A slight decrease in testicular size.
According to national guidelines, which screening test is considered the "gold standard" for colorectal cancer detection and prevention?
[a] Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT).
[b] Digital Rectal Exam (DRE).
[c] Colonoscopy.
[d] Double-contrast barium enema.
When educating a fair-skinned patient about preventing skin cancer, which recommendation is most important?
[a] Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.
[b] Exfoliate the skin regularly to remove dead cells.
[c] Get a "base tan" at a tanning salon before summer.
[d] Apply sunscreen only to the face and neck.
A persistent, nagging cough and hoarseness are potential warning signs of which type of cancer, especially in a long-term smoker?
[a] Esophageal cancer.
[b] Thyroid cancer.
[c] Lung cancer.
[d] Stomach cancer.
The ABCDE rule is used for the early detection of which type of cancer?
[a] Basal Cell Carcinoma.
[b] Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
[c] Kaposi's Sarcoma.
[d] Malignant Melanoma.
Which of the following represents secondary prevention of cancer?
[a] Teaching a teenager about the dangers of smoking.
[b] Administering the HPV vaccine to a young adult.
[c] Performing a routine mammogram on a 50-year-old woman.
[d] Providing palliative care to a patient with metastatic cancer.
A nurse is screening a 60-year-old male for prostate cancer. Which combination of tests is commonly used for this purpose?
[a] Pap test and colonoscopy.
[b] Chest X-ray and sputum cytology.
[c] Complete blood count and liver function tests.
[d] Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test and Digital Rectal Exam (DRE).
Which of these is a common, nonspecific symptom that can be a general warning sign of many types of cancer?
[a] Occasional headaches.
[b] Unexplained significant weight loss.
[c] A skin rash that itches.
[d] Intermittent muscle aches.
A nurse is preparing a woman for her first mammogram. What is the primary purpose of this procedure?
[a] To determine if a known lump is cancerous.
[b] To assess for pain in the breast tissue.
[c] To detect breast lumps or microcalcifications before they can be felt.
[d] To prevent the development of breast cancer.
Painless hematuria (blood in the urine) is a classic, early warning sign of which cancer?
[a] Prostate cancer.
[b] Renal (kidney) cancer.
[c] Bladder cancer.
[d] Testicular cancer.
Lifestyle modifications are a key component of primary cancer prevention. Which dietary recommendation is most effective for reducing the risk of colorectal cancer?
[a] Increasing intake of red and processed meats.
[b] Following a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet.
[c] Increasing intake of fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
[d] Limiting intake of dairy products.
Postmenopausal bleeding (any bleeding after menopause) should always be investigated as it is a cardinal sign of which cancer?
[a] Ovarian cancer.
[b] Cervical cancer.
[c] Endometrial (uterine) cancer.
[d] Vaginal cancer.
Screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended for which high-risk population to detect lung cancer early?
[a] All adults over the age of 50.
[b] Individuals with a family history of asthma.
[c] People who work in office environments.
[d] Long-term heavy smokers aged 50-80 years.
A nurse is teaching a patient about a Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT). Which instruction is crucial for ensuring the accuracy of the test?
[a] "Collect the stool sample from the toilet water."
[b] "Avoid taking aspirin and eating red meat for several days before the test."
[c] "Freeze the sample immediately after collection."
[d] "It's only necessary to provide one stool sample."
Which factor is the single most important risk factor for the development of cancer?
[a] Diet.
[b] Genetics.
[c] Advancing age.
[d] Stress.
In the "CAUTION" acronym, the "I" stands for indigestion or difficulty swallowing. This symptom is particularly associated with which types of cancer?
[a] Lung and brain cancer.
[b] Leukemia and lymphoma.
[c] Colon and rectal cancer.
[d] Esophageal and stomach cancer.
A nurse teaches a client that chronic infection with Hepatitis B and C viruses is a major risk factor for developing which primary cancer?
[a] Pancreatic cancer.
[b] Liver cancer.
[c] Stomach cancer.
[d] Colorectal cancer.
A 45-year-old woman asks the nurse about self-breast examination (SBE). What is the best advice the nurse can give regarding SBE?
[a] It is a replacement for regular mammograms.
[b] It helps women become familiar with their breasts to notice any changes.
[c] It should only be performed by a healthcare professional.
[d] It is no longer recommended as it causes unnecessary anxiety.
Which of the following is considered a primary prevention strategy for cancer?
[a] Biopsy of a suspicious lump.
[b] Performing a monthly self-examination.
[c] Maintaining a healthy weight and being physically active.
[d] Getting a regular Pap test.
A lump that is a potential warning sign for breast cancer is most often described as:
[a] Soft, painful, and mobile.
[b] Small, fluid-filled, and tender.
[c] Hard, painless, and irregular in shape.
[d] Symmetrical and present in both breasts.
Which action by a nurse demonstrates an understanding of early detection of ovarian cancer?
[a] Recommending an annual CA-125 blood test for all women.
[b] Teaching that a normal Pap test rules out ovarian cancer.
[c] Instructing women to report persistent bloating, pelvic pain, or feeling full quickly.
[d] Advising that there are no early symptoms of ovarian cancer.
Limiting alcohol consumption is a key primary prevention strategy recommended by health organizations to reduce the risk of several types of cancer, including:
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