Menopause – physiological changes, signs and symptoms, health education and counselling, hormone replacement therapy and surgical menopause | Mock Test | Staff Nurse | Guides Academy
Time: 15:00
Menopause is clinically defined as the cessation of menstruation for how many consecutive months?
[a] 3 months.
[b] 6 months.
[c] 12 months.
[d] 24 months.
What is the primary physiological change that initiates the menopausal transition?
[a] An increase in progesterone production.
[b] The complete cessation of pituitary function.
[c] A decline in ovarian follicle function and estrogen production.
[d] An overproduction of androgens.
The classic vasomotor symptom experienced by many menopausal women is:
[a] Joint pain.
[b] Palpitations.
[c] Vaginal dryness.
[d] Hot flashes (flushes).
A woman who has had a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy will experience:
[a] A gradual, natural menopause.
[b] An abrupt, surgical menopause.
[c] Delayed menopause.
[d] No menopausal symptoms.
Why is progestin added to estrogen for Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in a woman who has an intact uterus?
[a] To enhance the effect of estrogen on hot flashes.
[b] To prevent osteoporosis.
[c] To decrease the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
[d] To improve libido.
Which laboratory finding is characteristic of menopause?
[a] Decreased FSH and decreased estrogen.
[b] Increased FSH and increased estrogen.
[c] Decreased LH and increased progesterone.
[d] Increased FSH and decreased estrogen.
A significant long-term health risk for postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency is:
[a] Uterine fibroids.
[b] Endometriosis.
[c] Osteoporosis.
[d] Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
Which dietary advice is most important for a nurse to provide to a menopausal woman to promote bone health?
[a] "Increase your intake of iron and vitamin C."
[b] "Follow a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet."
[c] "Limit your fluid intake to prevent nocturia."
[d] "Ensure an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D."
The term for the transitional phase before menopause, characterized by irregular menstrual cycles and fluctuating hormone levels, is:
[a] Postmenopause.
[b] Perimenopause.
[c] Premenopause.
[d] Menarche.
Atrophic vaginitis (genitourinary syndrome of menopause) is a common condition that can lead to:
[a] Heavy menstrual bleeding.
[b] Ovarian cysts.
[c] Vaginal dryness, itching, and dyspareunia.
[d] Increased risk of cervical cancer.
Which type of exercise is most effective for preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?
[a] Swimming.
[b] Cycling.
[c] Weight-bearing exercises like walking or jogging.
[d] Stretching and flexibility exercises.
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for starting Hormone Replacement Therapy?
[a] A history of migraine headaches.
[b] Severe vasomotor symptoms.
[c] A personal history of breast cancer.
[d] A family history of osteoporosis.
What is the primary goal of health education and counselling for a woman experiencing menopause?
[a] To ensure all women choose to start HRT.
[b] To focus only on the negative aspects of aging.
[c] To provide accurate information, manage symptoms, and promote a healthy lifestyle.
[d] To encourage early retirement.
A woman who has had a hysterectomy but still has her ovaries would be prescribed which type of HRT if indicated?
[a] Estrogen-only therapy (ET).
[b] Combined estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT).
[c] Progestin-only therapy.
[d] Testosterone therapy.
A key difference between surgical menopause and natural menopause is that surgical menopause:
[a] Has milder symptoms.
[b] Has a sudden and abrupt onset of symptoms.
[c] Does not require hormone replacement.
[d] Occurs over a period of several years.
Which non-hormonal intervention is often recommended for managing mild to moderate hot flashes?
[a] Increasing caffeine intake.
[b] Layering clothing and avoiding triggers like spicy food.
[c] Taking hot baths before bed.
[d] A diet high in simple sugars.
A nurse is counselling a patient about common psychological symptoms of menopause. These may include:
[a] Euphoria and high energy levels.
[b] Increased focus and concentration.
[c] Mood swings, irritability, and anxiety.
[d] Apathy and lack of emotion.
A postmenopausal woman reports vaginal bleeding. The nurse's first action should be to:
[a] Reassure her that this is normal.
[b] Advise her to see her healthcare provider immediately, as this is always abnormal.
[c] Ask her to keep a diary of the bleeding.
[d] Suggest she start taking over-the-counter iron supplements.
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study raised concerns about which potential risks of long-term combined HRT?
[a] Osteoporosis and colon cancer.
[b] Heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer.
[c] Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
[d] Liver failure and kidney disease.
A nurse counselling a menopausal woman about sexual health should include which topic?
[a] The need for a second Pap smear every year.
[b] The fact that sexual desire always disappears after menopause.
[c] The use of water-based lubricants to manage dyspareunia.
[d] The complete cessation of all sexual activity.
The physiological cause of sleep disturbances during menopause is often related to:
[a] An increase in daytime napping.
[b] Nocturnal hot flashes (night sweats).
[c] A decrease in the need for sleep.
[d] Restless leg syndrome.
Which of the following describes surgical menopause?
[a] A hysterectomy where the ovaries are left in place.
[b] A tubal ligation procedure.
[c] The natural cessation of menses.
[d] Menopause induced by the surgical removal of both ovaries (bilateral oophorectomy).
Which statement by a patient indicates she understands health promotion during menopause?
[a] "I don't need to worry about heart disease, as it's a man's problem."
[b] "Since I don't have periods, I no longer need regular gynaecological check-ups."
[c] "I will continue with my monthly breast self-exams and regular mammograms."
[d] "I should stop exercising to protect my bones from fracturing."
The term used to describe the entire transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive years is:
[a] Puberty.
[b] Postmenopause.
[c] The Climacteric.
[d] Adulthood.
A nurse should counsel a patient that the primary goal of HRT is to:
[a] Prevent the aging process.
[b] Restore fertility.
[c] Relieve moderate to severe menopausal symptoms.
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